scholarly journals Brain CT can predict low lean mass in the elderly with cognitive impairment: a community-dwelling study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Ting Chen ◽  
Chiun-Chieh Yu ◽  
Yu-Ching Lin ◽  
Shan-Ho Chan ◽  
Yi-Yun Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Visual Rating Scale

Abstract Background The coexistence of sarcopenia and dementia in aging populations is not uncommon, and they may share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between brain atrophy and low lean mass in the elderly with impaired cognitive function. Methods This cross-sectional study included 168 elderly patients who visited the multi-disciplinary dementia outpatient clinic at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital for memory issues, between 2017 and 2019. The body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and CT based skeletal muscle index including L3 skeletal muscle index (L3SMI) and masseter muscle mass index (MSMI). The brain atrophy assessment was measured by CT based visual rating scale. Possible predictors of low lean mass in the elderly with cognitive impairement were identified by binary logistic regression. ROC curves were generated from binary logistic regression. Results Among the 81 participants, 43 (53%) remained at a normal appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), whereas 38 (47%) showed low ASMI. Compared with the normal ASMI group, subjects with low ASMI exhibited significantly lower BMI, L3SMI, and MSMI (all p < 0.05), and showed significant brain atrophy as assessed by visual rating scale (p < 0.001). The accuracy of predictive models for low ASMI in the elderly with cognitive impairment were 0.875, (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.926, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.844–0.972) in model 1 (combination of BMI, GCA and L3SMI) and 0.885, (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.931, [CI] 0.857–0.979) in model 2 (combination of BMI, GCA and MSMI). Conclusions Global cortical atrophy and body mass index combined with either L3 skeletal muscle index or masseter skeletal muscle index can predict low lean mass in the elderly with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals A ‘Comprehensive Visual Rating Scale’ for predicting progression to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0201852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Jang ◽  
Jeong Hoon Park ◽  
Seongheon Kim ◽  
Young Ho Park ◽  
Jung-Min Pyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Visual Rating Scale

scholarly journals Role of the Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index for Predicting the Recurrence-Free Survival of Head and Neck Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Kun-Yun Yeh ◽  
Hang Huong Ling ◽  
Shu-Hang Ng ◽  
Cheng-Hsu Wang ◽  
Pei-Hung Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Prognostic Predictor ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle

Background: This study investigates whether the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) was an independent prognostic predictor for patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and whether there were any differences in lean mass loss in different body regions during CCRT. Methods: In this prospective study, we analyzed the clinicopathological variables and the total body composition data before and after treatment. The factors associated with the 2-year recurrence-free survival rate (RFSR) were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 98 patients were eligible for analysis. The body weight, body mass index, and all parameters of body composition significantly decreased after CCRT. The pretreatment ASMI was the only independent prognostic factor for predicting the 2-year RFSR (hazard ratio, 0.235; 95% confidence interval, 0.062–0.885; p = 0.030). There was at least 5% reduction in total lean and fat mass (p < 0.001); however, the highest lean mass loss was observed in the arms (9.5%), followed by the legs (7.2%), hips (7.1%), waist (4.7%), and trunk (3.6%). Conclusions: The pretreatment ASMI was the only independent prognostic predictor for the 2-year RFSR of LAHNC patients undergoing CCRT. Asynchronous loss of lean mass may be observed in different body parts after CCRT.

scholarly journals Fronto-striatal atrophy correlates of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Seok Yi ◽  
Maxime Bertoux ◽  
Eneida Mioshi ◽  
John R. Hodges ◽  
Michael Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Symptoms ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Visual Rating Scale ◽  
Cortical Regions

ABSTRACT Behavioural disturbances in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are thought to reflect mainly atrophy of cortical regions. Recent studies suggest that subcortical brain regions, in particular the striatum, are also significantly affected and this pathology might play a role in the generation of behavioural symptoms. Objective: To investigate prefrontal cortical and striatal atrophy contributions to behavioural symptoms in FTD. Methods: One hundred and eighty-two participants (87 FTD patients, 39 AD patients and 56 controls) were included. Behavioural profiles were established using the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory Revised (CBI-R) and Frontal System Behaviour Scale (FrSBe). Atrophy in prefrontal (VMPFC, DLPFC) and striatal (caudate, putamen) regions was established via a 5-point visual rating scale of the MRI scans. Behavioural scores were correlated with atrophy rating scores. Results: Behavioural and atrophy ratings demonstrated that patients were significantly impaired compared to controls, with bvFTD being most severely affected. Behavioural-anatomical correlations revealed that VMPFC atrophy was closely related to abnormal behaviour and motivation disturbances. Stereotypical behaviours were associated with both VMPFC and striatal atrophy. By contrast, disturbance of eating was found to be related to striatal atrophy only. Conclusion: Frontal and striatal atrophy contributed to the behavioural disturbances seen in FTD, with some behaviours related to frontal, striatal or combined fronto-striatal pathology. Consideration of striatal contributions to the generation of behavioural disturbances should be taken into account when assessing patients with potential FTD.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness between genetic groups I and II of isolates of Cercospora zeae-maydis

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Marisa Mathioni ◽  
Carvalho ◽  
Kátia Regiane Brunelli ◽  
André Beló ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cercospora Zeae Maydis ◽  
Visual Rating Scale

For many years, the gray leaf spot disease (GLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels, was not considered an important pathogen of maize (Zea mays, L.) in Brazil. However, the recent adoption of agronomical practices such as no-tillage and cultivation under central pivot irrigation systems increased the incidence and severity to the extent that GLS is now one of the most important diseases of maize. Isolates of C. zeae-maydis can be distinguished by two genetic groups (I and II) based on AFLP markers and on polymorphisms of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions. Until now, however, the biological implications of this distinction remain unclear. This study investigated whether isolates from the two genetic groups differ in aggressiveness towards maize. For this, symptoms of a susceptible hybrid were evaluated under greenhouse conditions with 9 and 11 isolates of C. zeae-maydis from groups I and II, respectively. Plants in the V3 growth stage were inoculated by placing sorghum seeds colonized with the pathogen in the leaf whorl and symptoms were evaluated with a visual rating scale 30 days later. On average, isolates of genetic group II were more aggressive than those of group I, with mean disease scores of 3.1 and 2.3, respectively. Differences were also observed between experiments, which suggested that group I and II might also differ in their fitness under different environments. This is the first report on differences in aggressiveness between the two genetic groups of C. zeae-maydis.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Lobar Atrophy in Frontotemporal Dementia: Application of an MRI Visual Rating Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Kipps ◽  
R. Rhys Davies ◽  
Joanna Mitchell ◽  
Jillian J. Kril ◽  
Glenda M. Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Visual Rating Scale
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