scholarly journals Macular perfusion density evaluation in constant and intermittent exotropia by means of optical coherence tomography angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Xinjie Ye ◽  
Lijie Hou
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Perfusion Density

Abstract Background To quantify and compare retinal microvascular features using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in constant (XT) and intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. OCTA examination was performed to evaluate the macular perfusion density of the deep capillary plexus (DCP), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in XT and IXT patients, and in age-matched controls. The study parameters were analyzed. Results A total of 76 participants, including 16 (21%) XT patients, 24 (32%) IXT patients, and 36 (47%) controls, were recruited. The exodeviation angle was 39.06 ± 10.38 prism degrees (PD) at near and 43.00 ± 9.74 PD at distance in the XT group, and 27.13 ± 18.28 PD at near and 31.04 ± 18.82 PD at distance in the IXT group. The macular perfusion density of the DCP in 6 × 6-mm scans and the SCP in 3 × 3-mm scans were lower in the deviating eyes than in the fixating eyes of XT patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.032, respectively). The macular perfusion density of the DCP in the deviating eyes of XT and IXT patients was significantly lower than that of the controls. There was no significant difference in the FAZ parameters among the groups. Conclusions In XT patients, OCTA revealed lower macular perfusion density in deviating eyes than in fixating eyes and control eyes. IXT patients showed no difference between the two eyes, but the macular perfusion density of the DCP was lower than that of the controls.

Repeatability of Peripapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 247412642095396
Author(s):  
Cason B. Robbins ◽  
Dilraj S. Grewal ◽  
Atalie C. Thompson ◽  
Stephen P. Yoon ◽  
Brenda L. Plassman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Perfusion Density

Purpose: This work assesses the intrasession repeatability of capillary perfusion density (CPD) and capillary flux index (CFI) measurements on peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy eyes of older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, healthy volunteers aged 50 years or older underwent 4.5 × 4.5 mm OCTA imaging centered on the optic nerve head using Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Two consecutive images were acquired in the same eye during a single study session. CPD and CFI were assessed using AngioPlex Software (version 11.0.0.29946) for the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (average over whole scan area) and 4 quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal). CPD and CFI repeatability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC), mean interocular differences using 2-tailed t test, and association with age using generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 150 images were acquired from 75 eyes of 47 patients. For CPD, ICC results ranged from 0.7160 (nasal CPD) to 0.9218 (average CPD). For CFI, ICC results ranged from 0.6167 (temporal CFI) to 0.8976 (inferior CFI). Temporal CFI was significantly different between right and left eyes of the same patient ( P = .03). CPD and CFI decreased with age in all analyses (average CPD β coefficient –0.00172, P < .001; average CFI β coefficient −0.00278, P < .001). Conclusions: Moderate to good repeatability was observed for most peripapillary OCTA metrics; temporal measurements were least repeatable for CPD and CFI. Peripapillary CPD and CFI decrease with age even beyond the fifth decade in healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Quantification of macular perfusion in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Vahid Hatami ◽  
Farhad Salari ◽  
Fatemeh Bazvand ◽  
Hadi Shamouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background This study aimed at defining the variance of vessel density (VD) characteristics in the macula of children with normal eyes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which subjects with normal eyes aged 3–18 years were enrolled. The macula was scanned by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Four age groups as under 7 years, 7–10 years, 11–14 years and more than 14 years of age were defined. The influences of age, gender, and body mass index on VD were analyzed. Results A total of 108 normal eyes from 54 participants with a mean age of 10.9 years were enrolled in the study. At the superficial and deep retina capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC), respectively, the mean VD of the fovea was 20.10%, 36.99%, and 75.67%; at parafovea, these measurements were 53.12%, 55.81%, and 69.76%; and at perifovea, these measures were 51.38%, 52.46%, and 73.47%. The median foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.30 mm2. No significant differences between superior-hemi VD and inferior-hemi VD were found in the studied plexuses. The VD at parafovea and perifovea CC differed significantly between groups. There was no variation in VD of macular retina and CC between eyes or sex. FAZ areas were different between genders. Conclusions No difference between eyes and genders in the retina and CC VD of macular area was noted. FAZ area was larger in male. Even though this is not a longitudinal study, it may provide us with hints about macular vascular development during puberty and clinical implications of OCTA in children.

scholarly journals Macular perfusion normative data acquired with optical coherence tomography angiography in healthy four-year-old Caucasian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja Bajtl ◽  
Mirjana Bjeloš ◽  
Mladen Bušić ◽  
Ana Križanović ◽  
Leon Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normative Database ◽  
Vessel Length ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background The purpose of this cross-sectional study involving healthy emmetropic four-year-old Caucasian children was to provide a macular perfusion normative database acquired with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). One eye of each examinee underwent OCTA imaging. The following parameters were analyzed using AngioTool Image J software: vessels area (VA), vessels density (VD), total number of junctions (TNJ), junctions density (JD), total vessel length (TVL), average vessel length (AVL), total number of endpoints (TNEP), lacunarity (L), vessel diameter index (VDI), tortuosity (T) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Average central macular thickness (CMT) and average central macular volume (CMV) were measured. Result Sixty-two eyes of 62 children of average age 50.4 ± 3.8 months were examined. VA, VD, and T increased from the inner towards the outer layers of the retina. The intermediate capillary plexus had the highest JD and TNEP and narrowest FAZ. Retinal sexual differentiation was supported with higher values of the retinal VA, VDI and TNEP, and chorioretinal VA, VDI and L in males. The choriocapillaris presented with the highest VD, AVL, and T and the lowest L and TNEP. Conclusion The study provides the first detailed normative database of the macular vascular network in the youngest uniform cohort of emmetropic four-year-old children.

scholarly journals Automated measurement of the foveal avascular zone in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gutierrez-Benitez ◽  
Yolanda Palomino ◽  
Noe Casas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Eyes

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate an automated method to measure the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (HS-OCTA). This method is referred to as the modified Kanno-Saitama macro (mKSM). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 29 eyes of 25 healthy volunteers who underwent HS-OCTA at the macular area twice at the same time. Regardless of the quality of the images, all of them were included. Macular data on the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were processed by mKSM. The FAZ area was measured twice automatically using the mKSM and twice manually by two independent examiners. RESULTS: Intrascan intraclass coefficient ranged from 0,948 to 0,993 for manual measurements and was 1 for mKSM method. Interscan intraclass coefficients ranged from 0,925 to 0,973 for manual measurements and from 0,770 to 0,902 for mKSM method. Despite that the difference between human examiners is smaller than between human examiners and mKSM according to Bland-Altman plots, the scatterplots show a strong correlation between human and automatic measurements. The best results are obtained in intermediate capillary plexus. CONCLUSIONS: Automated determination of the FAZ area in HS-OCTA is feasible and less human-dependent by mKSM even if the image is not perfectly centred or has artefacts. The mKSM processing could contribute to our understanding of the three vascular plexuses.

scholarly journals Retinal and Choriocapillaris Vascular Changes in Patients Affected by Different Clinical Phenotypes of β-Thalassemia: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Gilda Cennamo ◽  
Daniela Montorio ◽  
Giuliano Mazzella ◽  
Paolo Ricchi ◽  
Silvia Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

In this cross-sectional study we assessed the vascular alterations in retinal and choriocapillaris perfusion in patients affected by β-thalassemia, by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 124 eyes of 62 patients (mean age 44.74 ± 5.79 years old) affected by β-thalassemia (transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT), non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and minor) were compared to 40 eyes of twenty healthy subjects. We evaluated the vessel density (VD) in superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, radial peripapillary capillary, choriocapillaris and the foveal avascular zone area. The TDT group showed a statistically significant reduction in retinal and choriocapillaris VD respect to controls and the other groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in OCTA parameters between β-thalassemia minor and controls. The NTDT group showed a significant reduction in VD in deep capillary plexus respect to controls and β-thalassemia minor. Significant negative correlations were shown in TDT group between foveal avascular zone and hemoglobin (r = −0.437, p = 0.044) and between ferritin levels and VD of choriocapillaris (r = −0.431, p = 0.038). The OCTA parameters provided a deeper understanding on retinal and choriocapillaris vascular impairment affected by tissue hypoxia levels and the oxidative stress in different clinical phenotypes of the β-thalassemia.

scholarly journals Quantification of Macular Perfusion in Healthy Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Vahid Hatami ◽  
Farhad Salari ◽  
Fatemeh Bazvand ◽  
Hadi Shamouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background: Variations in vessel density (VD) patterns of the macula in children of different ages are unknown.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects with normal eyes aged 3–18 years were enrolled. The macula was scanned by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Four age groups as under 7 years, 7-10 years, 11-14 years and more than 14 years of age were defined. The influences of age, gender, and body mass index on VD were analyzed.Results: A total of 108 normal eyes from 54 participants with a mean age of 10.9 years were enrolled in the study. At the superficial and deep retina capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC), the mean VD of the fovea was 20.10%, 36.99%, and 75.67%, respectively; at parafovea, these measurements were 53.12%, 55.81%, and 69.76%, respectively; and at perifovea, these measures were 51.38%, 52.46%, and 73.47%, respectively. The median foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.28 mm2. No significant differences were found between the superior-hemi and inferior-hemi VD of the studied plexuses. The VD at CC parafovea and perifovea differed significantly between groups. Neither age nor sex affected the VD of macular retina or CC. FAZ areas were different between genders.Conclusions: No difference between eyes and genders in the retina and CC VD of macular area was noted. FAZ area was larger in male. While this study is not a longitudinal study but may give us a hint for the macular vascular development during puberty and clinical applications of OCTA in children.

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199056
Author(s):  
Emine Temel ◽  
Figen Batıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To emphasize the importance of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic individuals with and without retinopathy. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of healthy persons and diabetic individuals with and without retinopathy. Area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (mm²), non-perfused areas in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), mean vessel density (VD) in the SCP, and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were calculated. In eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR), measurements at baseline, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months were evaluated. Results: This study conducted on 39 eyes of 23 patients with DR (group 1), 59 eyes of 30 diabetic individuals without DR (group 2), and 51 eyes of 27 healthy persons (group 3). When the mean area of the FAZ at baseline was compared between groups, the difference among groups 1 and 3 ( p < 0.001) and the difference among groups 2 and 3 ( p = 0.001) were statistically significant. There was no significant difference among the measurements of mean area of the FAZ, mean non-perfused area in the SCP, mean VD in SCP, and DCP at baseline, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months in group 1. Conclusion: OCTA is a developing technology that can detect early microvascular changes in diabetic patients.

Intra- and Interdevice Deviation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (04) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Trachsler ◽  
Arthur Baston ◽  
Marcel Menke
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Swept Source Oct ◽  
Scan Modes

Abstract Purpose To compare 4 optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) devices for foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements in healthy subjects. Methods The central retinas of 24 eyes of 12 healthy subjects were scanned with 4 different OCT-A devices (Optovue RTVue-XR, Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT, a prototype Spectralis OCT2, Heidelberg Engineering, and Topcon DRI-OCT Triton Swept-source OCT). For the Topcon, Zeiss, and Optovue devices, 3-mm and 6-mm scans were performed. The Heidelberg device only provided 4-mm scans. En-face OCT-A images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the macular area were generated. The FAZ areas were measured and compared. Results Twenty-four healthy eyes were included. OCT-A devices showed significant differences in FAZ measurements. The Zeiss OCT-A device measured the smallest values for foveal avascular area (mean 218.7 mm2), followed by the Optovue device (229.6 mm2), the Topcon device (239.3 mm2), and the Heidelberg device (250.4 mm2). Differences were statistically significant for following devices: Heidelberg versus Optovue (p < 0.001), Heidelberg versus Zeiss (p < 0.001), Topcon versus Zeiss (p < 0.001), and Optovue versus Zeiss (p = 0.046). For the Optovue device, FAZ measurements were significantly different between 3 mm (mean 220 mm2) and 6 mm (mean 239.3 mm2, p = 0.007) scans. All other devices showed no significant difference within scan modes. Conclusion Current OCT-A devices provide images that allow such measurements, but values showed significant differences between devices and, for the Optovue instrument, even within scan modes. The data for OCTA measurements cannot be transferred interchangeably between the devices. Therefore, a patient should always be measured with the same device.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Non-Infectious Posterior Uveitis: A Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Sizmaz ◽  
Ebru Esen ◽  
Puren Isik-Ericek ◽  
Nihal Demircan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: To analyze the microvascular parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in non-infectious posterior uveitis (PU) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, OCTA images of patients with non-infectious PU were evaluated. The vessel densities (VD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP & DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were measured and compared to healthy controls. Results: The study cohort comprised 64 patients with age and gender-matched groups. The VD in the SCP was 43.9±3.9% in the whole image; 18.4±4.8% in the fovea, 43.9±4.6% in the parafoveal area, and 43.4±9.7% in the perifoveal zone, in eyes with uveitis. These were respectively 48.8±2.9%, 22.9±6.9%, 50.9±3.0%, and 49.2±3.1% in the control group (p=0.0001, 0.043, 0.0001, 0.01, respectively). The changes in the DCP in eyes with uveitis were not significant. In the uveitis group, the FAZ was significantly enlarged compared to controls (0.37±0.1 microns vs. 0.24±0.2 microns, p=0.046). Conclusion: OCTA depicted significant changes including decreased VD in the SCP and enlarged FAZ in non-infectious PU.

scholarly journals Analysis of Foveal Microvascular Abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography with Projection Artifact Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun Liu ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Weili Bao ◽  
Chengyang Hu ◽  
Yajing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Purpose. To analyze foveal microvascular abnormalities in different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with projection artifact removal (PAR). Methods. We analyzed 93 eyes of 59 patients with diabetes—31 with no DR (no DR), 34 with mild to moderate nonproliferative DR (mild DR), and 28 with severe nonproliferative DR to proliferative DR (severe DR)—and 31 age-matched healthy controls. Sections measuring 3 × 3 mm2 centered on the fovea were obtained using OCTA. The area, perimeter, and acircularity index (AI) of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vessel density within a 300 μm wide region of the FAZ (FD-300), and parafoveal vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were calculated using novel built-in software with PAR. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the FAZ area (p=0.162). There was a statistically significant difference in the FAZ perimeter (p=0.010) and the AI (p<0.001) between the four groups. There was a correlation between the AI and the increasing severity of DR (p=0.010). Statistically significant decreases of vessel density in the FD-300, SCP, and DCP were observed (all p<0.001). There was a difference in parafoveal vessel density in the DCP between the healthy control eyes and the eyes with diabetes without DR (p=0.027). There was a significant correlation between vessel density and increasing severity of DR (p<0.001). Conclusion. Compared with the FAZ area, AI allows a more helpful quantitative assessment of the changes in the FAZ. Vessel density determined using OCTA with PAR might be a useful parameter indicating the progression of DR. Parafoveal vessel density in the DCP after PAR might be a potential early biomarker of DR before appearance of clinically evident retinopathy and needs further investigation.

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