scholarly journals The quantitative measurements of choroidal thickness and volume in diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography; correlation with vision and foveal avascular zone

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Sahar Berijani ◽  
Ameneh Babeli ◽  
Houshang Faghihi ◽  
Alireza Gholizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone

Abstract Background To represent choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal volume (CV) databases in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and healthy control participants using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). No study had evaluated CT at all main stages of diabetic retinopathy in a single study. Methods The study included 176 eyes from 93 patients (39–80 years old; 42% females) who were divided into three groups based on DR severity and normal control group: 39 eyes no DR, 64 eyes NPDR, 33 eyes PDR, and 40 eyes normal control. The CT and CV were measured and statistically analyzed. Intra-observer and inter-observer coefficients of repeatability were calculated. Results Subfoveal CT showed persistent thinning from normal group (322.50 ± 69.24) to no-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, 308.33 ± 74.45) to nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 283.45 ± 56.50) group and then thickening as the patient progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 295.17 ± 95.69) (P = 0.087). A significant difference was found between the control group and the NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups in nearly all CT and CV of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study macular subfields. Fasting blood sugar (FBS = 189.08 ± 51.3 mg/dl) and diabetes mellitus (DM) duration (13.6 ± 6.5 years) had no noticeable effect on CT. In patients with diabetes, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetic macular edema (DME), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were not affected by CT and CV. Conclusions The choroidal thickness decreases from the early stages of diabetic retinopathy up to the NPDR stage, with a subsequent modest rise in CT during the PDR stage. There was no correlation between FBS, diabetes duration, BCVA, DME, and FAZ, and CT.

scholarly journals Macular Structure and Microvasculature Changes in AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui-Fang Du ◽  
Xiao-Jie Huang ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Wen-Jun Kong ◽  
Lian-Yong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone

Background: Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a crucial blind-causing disease of AIDS-related ocular opportunistic infection. The CMVR lesions produced retinal necrosis. It is not entirely clear whether CMVR eyes without macular-involved necrotic lesions may have subtle macular damage. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate macular microvasculature and structure in eyes with AIDS-related CMVR.Methods: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related CMVR patients (active and inactive CMVR) and healthy controls treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University between August 25, 2019, and October 18, 2019, were recruited. All OCTA parameters, including the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal vessel density (VD), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness, were compared between groups after the signal strength was corrected.Results: Signal strength in the 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scan patterns was significantly weaker in the inactive CMVR group than in the control group (both p < 0.001). After adjusting for signal strength, heterogeneity in the central fovea and parafoveal quadrants was present with a shift toward lower macular chorioretinal vasculature, decreased full choroidal thickness, and thicker retinal thickness in the active and inactive CMVR groups. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) were significantly thicker in the active and inactive CMVR groups than in the control group (all p < 0.05). For photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium (PR-RPE) thickness, no significant differences were found in any quadrant between groups. Foveal avascular zone areas were not significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.053).Conclusions: Subtle macular structure and microvasculature damage still existed in CMVR eyes without macular-involved necrotic lesions. The results of our study are helpful for a deep understanding of the damage caused by CMVR.

Foveal Avascular Zone Evaluation in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy without Diabetic Macular Edema Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud Halfawy ◽  
Abelrahman Gaber Salman ◽  
Azza M.A. Said ◽  
Tarek El Beltagi ◽  
Marwa A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone

Abstract Purpose:To evaluate dimensions of Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) at level of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP), in patients with different grades of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy without Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).Patients and Methods: 80 type II diabetes mellitus patients and 20 healthy control subjects were included in this cross sectional study ,aged from 40-60 years with DM type 2 of more than five years ,ecxluding proliferative diabetic retinopathy and DME.Patients were subdivided into four groups according to ETDRS Classification (without retinopathy,mild ,moderate and sever retinopathy) .All subjects undewent: measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin level ,standard Structural Optical coherence tomography for the macula and optic nerve head with OCTA for evaluation of FAZ in both SCP and DCP networks of all eyes using (Heidelberg engineering, OCT spectralis, Germany) (SD-OCT). Results: Mean total macular thickness in control group (322.89 ± 16.31 μm) vs (316.57 ± 20.21 μm) in patients` group.Average RNFL thickness(158.61 ± 12.99 μm )in control group vs(156.07 ± 22.58) μm in patients` group.Mean FAZ in SCP in control group ( 0.32 ± 0.12) mm2 versus( 0.44 ± 0.17) mm2 in patients` group, while FAZ IN DCP (0.23) mm2 ± 0.12 in controls versus ( 0.34 ± 0.16) mm2 in patients.There was a statistically significant wider FAZ in DR patients (P-value 0.003).Conclusion: Enlargement of FAZ in SCP and DCP in patients with moderate to severe NPDR without DME was detected using OCTA, proceeded by neurodegenerative changes with reduction in thickness of ORL and GCC layer. This can be used to monitor the progression of the disease and to evaluate the response to treatment.

scholarly journals Glaucomatous Macular Vasculature: A Quantitative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Pedro Arede ◽  
Joanna Przezdziecka-Dolyk ◽  
Fabian Debowy ◽  
Jacek Olszewski ◽  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Avascular Zone

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the macular vessel density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in glaucoma quantitatively using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 13 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 12 eyes of 6 healthy participants were enrolled retrospectively. Functional visual field (VF) and structural Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) were assessed in all participants. OCT-A was performed on a fovea centered, 15x10 degrees, macular region. OCT-A scans were processed with MATLAB software and automatically graded to define FAZ parameters. The parafoveal VD in the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus (SVP and DVP) was analyzed by quadrant and circular segmented zones. Results: Foveal Avascular Zone -Major Axis Length (p=0.02), Area (p=0.04), Equivalent Diameter (p=0.04) and Perimeter (p=0.04) were significantly larger in glaucoma than the control group. Regarding SVP and DVP, the average macular total VD were lower in glaucoma patients compared to the control group (p<0.01; p<0.01). Additionally, the inner circular region (p=0.04; p<0.01 respectively for SVP and DVP) and all quadrants except for North had a lower VD in glaucoma group compared to the control group. Assessment of the total VD successfully predicted RNFLT (p<0.001) and was significantly associated with the probability of glaucoma (p=0.009). Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, namely the FAZ morphology and the macular VD, were associated with glaucomatous functional and structural changes. The macular VD showed a considerable diagnostic value. It may be a modern biomarker, representing microvascular network disruption of the macular perfusion in glaucoma.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Misaki Hirato ◽  
Chieko Kobashi ◽  
Aya Yamaguchi ◽  
Rina Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Vessel Density

Abstract Background: To evaluate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and retinal structure in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).Methods: Twenty FEVR eyes with stage 1 or 2 disease and 20 control eyes were evaluated. The central retinal thickness (CRT), inner retinal thickness (IRT), surface retinal vessel density (SRVD), and deep retinal vessel density (DRVD) were measured using optical coherence tomography. The FAZ area was calculated using ImageJ software. The equivalent spherical value (SE) and axial length (AL) were measured. Results: The CRT (232±26.75 vs. 213.15 ± 16.138 μm; p=0.0003) and IRT (17.44±13.28 vs. 1.85 ± 5.696 μm; p=0.0005) were thicker in the FEVR group than in the control group. The surface FAZ area (0.26±0.1 vs. 0.33 ± 0.1 mm2; p=0.006) and the deep FAZ area (0.36±0.1 vs. 0.43 ± 0.1 mm2; p=0.037) were smaller in the FEVR group than in the control group. The SRVD values did not differ among the sectors, but the DRVD was higher in the FEVR group except for the inferior sector (superior, p=0.02; inferior, p=0.4; temporal, p=0.001; nasal, p=0.02). The SE and AL did not differ between the two groups. There was no correlation between the surface and deep layer FAZ area and age, CRT, SE, and AL. The surface, deep FAZ area, and IRT were correlated negatively (surface, r = −0.57, p=0.008; deep layer FAZ area, r = −0.5, p=0.02).Conclusion: Eyes with FEVR has a smaller FAZ because the inner retina with the vascular structure remained in the fovea.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microvasculature in poppers maculopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamann ◽  
M. R. J. Wiest ◽  
M. Brinkmann ◽  
M. Toro ◽  
K. Fasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Purpose To investigate a possible microvascular component of poppers maculopathy (PMP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Twelve patients suffering from poppers maculopathy were included. Health records, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA data was gathered and compared to a healthy control group (HC). PMP lesion type was determined by manifestation in OCT. OCTA-based evaluation of retinal vascular plexus and choriocapillaris (CC) was executed. Vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), as well as flow deficits (FD), within the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in CC were assessed. Results Median age of PMP patients was 40 (min 24; max 64) years, all male. Eleven patients presented with ellipsoid zone-type lesions; one patient showed a vitelliform-type lesion. No qualitative microvascular changes between PMP patients and HC were identified. Quantitative values for VD and VLD of SCP and DCP did not differ in between the two groups. The analysis of FDs in CC showed no deviation from PMP patients to HC. Conclusions No vascular anomalies in qualitative and quantitative analysis in OCTA were detected in PMP patients. The constitution of the CC within FAZ of PMP patients does not differ from HC when assessed as FD.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in diabetic retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 251584141989745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Safi ◽  
Pasha Anvari ◽  
Dariush Naseri ◽  
Hamideh Shenazandi ◽  
Pegah Kazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Central Macular Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Ellipsoid Zone ◽  
Avascular Zone

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of the visual acuity and diabetic retinopathy stage using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography metrics. Methods: In this prospective study, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography images of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy were obtained. In optical coherence tomography angiography images, the size of foveal avascular zone, central macular thickness, and vessel density at superficial and deep capillary layers of the macula were measured. In optical coherence tomography images, the presence of intraretinal cyst, disorganization of retinal inner layer, and ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane disruption were evaluated. The associations between the variables with visual acuity and diabetic retinopathy stage were analyzed. Results: In total, 68 eyes of 38 patients with a mean age of 58.96 ± 10.59 years were included. In total, 34 eyes were categorized as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 14 as active, and 20 as regressed proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Univariate analysis showed deep parafoveal vessel density, central macular thickness, ellipsoid zone disruption, disorganization of retinal inner layer, and external limiting membrane disruption had a significant relationship with visual acuity. However, in multivariate analysis, only central macular thickness and ellipsoid zone disruption had significant association with visual acuity ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). There was a significant difference in deep parafoveal vessel density ( p = 0.04), but not in foveal avascular zone area, between different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: In this study, the foveal avascular zone area did not correlate with visual acuity and different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Structural abnormalities on optical coherence tomography images with especial focus on outer retinal disruption provided more reliable predictors for visual acuity outcomes in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals A pilot study of scleral thickness in central serous chorioretinopathy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ji Lee ◽  
Yeon Jeong Lee ◽  
Jae Yeon Lee ◽  
Suhwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare the scleral thickness of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) eyes with controls using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT). This prospective case control study included 15 patients (15 eyes) with CSC and 15 age and gender matched healthy subjects. All subjects underwent spectral domain OCT with enhanced depth imaging and swept source AS OCT of temporal sclera. We investigated difference in scleral thickness between the two groups and relationship between choroidal and scleral thickness. Among the 15 eyes in the study group, 1 eye had acute CSC, 4 had recurrent CSC, 7 had inactive CSC, and 3 had chronic CSC. There was no significant difference in terms of age, gender, axial length and spherical equivalent between the two groups. The choroidal and scleral thickness of the study group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.034). Choroidal thickness was positively correlated with scleral thickness (P = 0.031). A thick sclera along with a thick choroid were demonstrated in CSC eyes using AS OCT. Scleral characteristics might be involved in the pathogenesis of CSC by affecting outflow resistance of venous drainage in choroidal circulation.

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