scholarly journals Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among pediatric household contacts of Iranian tuberculosis cases using tuberculin skin test, IFN- γ release assay and IFN-γ-induced protein-10

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Mansour Ghanaie ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
Leila Azimi ◽  
Seddon James ◽  
Mahshid Nasehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background Although the World Health Organization has recommended the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) in child household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases, the national programs in high-burden TB regions rarely implement adequate screening of this high-risk group, mainly because of resource limitations. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI among pediatric household contacts of TB cases in two high-burden provinces in Iran. Methods We conducted a cohort study in children who had been in household contact with a TB index. All subjects were assessed for active TB disease. For LTBI diagnosis, tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) were performed at the time of the index TB case diagnosis, as well as, 3, 12, and 18 months, if the first results were negative. In addition, interferon-γ-induced protein-10(IP-10) concentrations were measured for all participants. Results A total of 230 children were enrolled, who had contact with an index TB case. Three contacts were diagnosed with active TB. According to the TST/QFT-Plus results, 104 (45.2%) children were identified with LTBI during our study. Significantly increased IP-10 levels were found in LTBI patients compared to healthy contacts. Accordingly, more than 50% of LTBI contacts and about 10% of healthy contacts were considered as IP-10-positive. Conclusion This study alarmingly illustrates a high prevalence of LTBI among Iranian children exposed to TB cases. We, therefore, emphasize that the children living in close contact with an infectious TB case should be screened effectively and receive prophylactic therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Pediatric Household Contacts of Iranian Tuberculosis Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Ghanaie ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
Leila Azimi ◽  
Seddon James ◽  
Mahshid Nasehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Active Disease

Abstract Background: Although the World Health Organization has recommended the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) in child household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases, the national programs in high-burden TB regions rarely implement adequate screening of this high-risk group, mainly because of resource limitations. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI among pediatric household contacts of TB cases in two high-burden provinces in Iran.Methods: We conducted a cohort study in children who had been in household contact with a TB index. All subjects were assessed for active disease through evaluation of symptoms and if active disease was suspected were investigated by chest radiograph and bacilli detection in sputum or nasogastric lavage. For LTBI diagnosis, tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) were performed at the time of the index TB case diagnosis, as well as, 3, 12, and 18 months, if the first results were negative. In addition, interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) concentrations were measured in QFT-Plus supernatants for all participants. Results: A total of 230 children were enrolled, who had contact with an index TB case. Three contacts were diagnosed with active TB. According to the TST/QFT-Plus results, 104 (45.2%) children were identified with LTBI during our study.Conclusion: This study alarmingly illustrates a high prevalence of LTBI among Iranian children exposed to TB cases. We, therefore, emphasize that the children living in close contact with an infectious TB case should be screened effectively and receive prophylactic therapy.

Rate of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Detected by Occupational Health Screening of Nurses New to a London Teaching Hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Khanna ◽  
Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy ◽  
Fiona Warburton ◽  
Elek Dobson ◽  
Francis Drobniewski
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in a cohort of nurses new to a London hospital was 7.6% (13 of 171), using an interferon-γ(IFN-γ) release assay, and 16.2% (24 of 148), using the tuberculin skin test. On multivariate analysis, birth in a country with tuberculosis prevalence of more than 40 cases per 100,000 population was associated with positive results of both the IFN-γ release assay and the tuberculin skin test.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of IFN-γ Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Test in Household Contacts of Infectious Tuberculosis Cases in Senegal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e10508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lienhardt ◽  
Katherine Fielding ◽  
Abdoul A. Hane ◽  
Aliou Niang ◽  
Cheikh T. Ndao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ

scholarly journals Lurking in the Dark: Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Kavita Krishna ◽  
Sachin Adukia ◽  
Ayantika Dhara
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Modality

A subset of the tuberculous population has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). It is a condition wherein the affected individual is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but does not have any signs or symptoms of tuberculosis nor is he infectious to others. Risk of progression to active tuberculous infection is influenced by co-morbidities like HIV, diabetes, malignancy requiring chemotherapy, infants and children in close contact with susceptible individuals, and healthcare workers. Early diagnosis of LTBI is paramount. In addition to tuberculin test, Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is the new diagnostic modality that can be used for this purpose. Quantiferon-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and T-SPOT TB are the two currently available IGRAs, of which the latter is slightly more preferred. More recently, TB PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) has aided accurate and early diagnosis of all forms of TB. While treating LTBI, it is observed that Isoniazid (INH) has stood the test of time and still prevails as the treatment of choice for active infection and for LTBI. Of course, adverse effects of INH and need for regular laboratory monitoring persist. Recently, moxifloxacin has been used as a substitute for INH. Newer drugs like rifapentine, nitromidazopyran, metronidazole and nitrofurans have all been tried with variable success and several clinical limitations, depending on comorbid conditions. India’s burden of extensive prevalence of TB is compounded by paucity of data on the same. The World Health Organization has estimated a mortality of 36 million by 2020 due to TB. This projection should encourage aggressive research into this entity.

scholarly journals Latent Tuberculosis Infection Prevalence and Characteristics in the HIV disease population in Two Major Medical Centers in Tegucigalpa, Honduras

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirams T Castro-Lainez ◽  
Cecilia Varela-Martinez ◽  
Rebeca Rivera ◽  
Jose A Diaz-Romero ◽  
Leticia N Solorzano-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background In Honduras, thirteen percent of patients with tuberculosis are coinfected with HIV, but the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among people with HIV infection is unknown. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV diagnosed patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to December 2015 in two major clinical centers in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. This study used an adapted questionnaire-based clinical algorithm from the World Health Organization, procedures described by the Pan American Health Organization, and the Honduran National Norms for Tuberculosis Control included in the supplement material. There were two hundred ten individuals interviewed. Laboratory testing included tuberculin skin testing with absolute CD4 counts. Results There was a statistically significant higher risk of latent tuberculosis infection with HIV disease in the subgroups with a lower level of education (p = 0.002) and prior history of tuberculosis (p < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection is lower than in high-prevalence regions in different countries. The tuberculin skin test continues to identify patients with latent tuberculosis with HIV disease and intervene with concurrent antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis. A low education level is probably related to low socioeconomic status and access to healthcare. The findings of this study represent an opportunity to reach underserved areas, test the HIV population with the tuberculin skin test, and administer chemoprophylaxis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document