Interrupting seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire: a SCORE study protocol

In order to assess the impact of different control strategies against Schistosoma haematobium in seasonal transmission foci in Côte d’Ivoire, a three-year cluster randomized trial was implemented. The decrease in S. haematobium prevalence among children aged 9−12 years was the primary outcome. In the first step, an eligibility survey was conducted, subjecting 50 children aged 13−14 years to a single urine filtration. Sixty-four villages with a prevalence of S. haematobium of ≥4% were selected and randomly assigned to four intervention arms consisting of annual mass drug administration (MDA) before (arm 1) and after (arm 2) the peak transmission, biannual treatment with praziquantel before and after the peak transmission season (arm 3), and annual MDA before the peak transmission season, coupled with focal chemical snail control using molluscicides (arm 4). At baseline, we observed a prevalence of 24.8%, 10.1%, 13.9%, and 15.9% in study arms 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. One year after the first intervention, the prevalence decreased in all study arms by about two-thirds or more. The prevalence in arm 2 was lower than in arm 1 (3.5% vs. 8.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10−1.80). After adjusting for baseline prevalence, arms 1 and 2 performed roughly similarly (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.34−3.07). The prevalence in arms 3 and 4 (1.9% and 2.2%) were significantly lower compared to arm 1 in the unadjusted and the adjusted models (arm 3 vs. arm 1, OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05−0.95, aOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08−0.48; arm 4 vs. arm 1, OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08−0.85, aOR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06−0.87). The initial intervention showed a significant impact on the prevalence of S. haematobium. It will be interesting to monitor the comparative impact of the different intervention arms and to determine whether the interruption of seasonal transmission of S. haematobium can be achieved in this epidemiological setting within three years.

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High prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids in schoolchildren in Côte d'Ivoire

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182019001549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 287-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Etienne K. Angora ◽

Jean-François Allienne ◽

Olivier Rey ◽

Hervé Menan ◽

André O. Touré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Mitochondrial Cox1 ◽

Fta Cards ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sub Saharan

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, though it is highly prevalent in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. While Schistosoma haematobium-bovis hybrids have been reported in West Africa, no data about Schistosoma hybrids in humans are available from Côte d'Ivoire. This study aimed to identify and quantify S. haematobium-bovis hybrids among schoolchildren in four localities of Côte d'Ivoire. Urine samples were collected and examined by filtration to detect Schistosoma eggs. Eggs were hatched and 503 miracidia were individually collected and stored on Whatman® FTA cards for molecular analysis. Individual miracidia were molecularly characterized by analysis of mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) DNA regions. A mitochondrial cox1-based diagnostic polymerase chain reaction was performed on 459 miracidia, with 239 (52.1%) exhibiting the typical band for S. haematobium and 220 (47.9%) the S. bovis band. The cox1 and ITS 2 amplicons were Sanger sequenced from 40 randomly selected miracidia to confirm species and hybrids status. Among the 33 cox1 sequences analysed, we identified 15 S. haematobium sequences (45.5%) belonging to seven haplotypes and 18 S. bovis sequences (54.5%) belonging to 12 haplotypes. Of 40 ITS 2 sequences analysed, 31 (77.5%) were assigned to pure S. haematobium, four (10.0%) to pure S. bovis and five (12.5%) to S. haematobium-bovis hybrids. Our findings suggest that S. haematobium-bovis hybrids are common in Côte d'Ivoire. Hence, intense prospection of domestic and wild animals is warranted to determine whether zoonotic transmission occurs.

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Nasopharyngeal Samples Management Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire (2020)

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2021/v27i430380 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 72-79

Author(s):

Danielle Kpadraux Odegue ◽

Guedé Kipré Bertin ◽

Diane Kouao Maxime ◽

Kolia Kouamé Innocent ◽

Sina-Kouamé Sylvie Mireille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Pasteur Institute ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Multiple Issues ◽

Analytical Phase ◽

And Control

Medical testing laboratories are an essential link in the efficient management of infectious diseases by the identification of the pathogens involved. However, the arrangements for their operation may appear more difficult in times of health crises and raise multiple issues that may compromise the usual level of quality assurance of biological analyses and the response to needs. The smooth running and control of laboratory activities in a health crisis situation requires the implementation of a management system that allows the federation of all available energies. We report here on the experience of the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire, in charge of nasopharyngeal samples management during the COVID 19 pandemic, describing the assessment of pre-analytical activities in the first quarter of the crisis (March to May 2020). We then present the implemented strategy and the results obtained from June to September 2020. This article proposes a framework for sharing experiences to contribute to a better preparation of the pre-analytical phase of laboratory samples during health crises.

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The politics of organising the countryside: rural cooperatives in Côte d'Ivoire

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x99003122 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 489-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dwayne Woods

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

The State ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Rural Cooperatives ◽

Rural Producers ◽

And Control

This article first explores the manner in which the colonial and postcolonial state in Côte d'Ivoire has sought to develop and animate rural cooperatives as a means of effecting change in the countryside. It then examines the local realities that the state has encountered in its attempt to organise and control rural cooperatives. In particular, the article shows how ethnicity, age, and contrasting economic interests have undermined state efforts to create sustainable and effective rural cooperatives at the village level. Finally, the article looks at how structural adjustment has led to the retreat of the state and the emergence of a more pluralistic environment in which different rural associations are now competing to represent the interests of rural producers.

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Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control in Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire: implementing control on a limited budget

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182009005988 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 136 (13) ◽

pp. 1739-1745 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L. A. TCHUEM TCHUENTÉ ◽

E. K. N'GORAN

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Effective Control ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis occur throughout the developing world and remain a major public health problem in the poorest communities with enormous consequences for development. The extent of the problem has long been neglected because these diseases rarely kill at a young age and also because of their insidious nature. Today there exists a momentum and an unprecedented opportunity for a cost-effective control of these neglected tropical diseases. The control of these diseases has become a priority on the agenda of many governments, donors and international agencies. This paper highlights the progress made and future control activities in Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire, where schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control measures have been implemented over the past decade with limited budgets. In Cameroon, deworming activities were increased to encompass all ten regions in 2007 as a result of a co-ordinated effort of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education with national and international partners. In Côte d'Ivoire, focal control activities were achieved with support from various partners. Prospects, opportunities and challenges for the control of neglected tropical diseases in these two countries are discussed.

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