scholarly journals Impacts of two-year multisectoral cash plus programs on young adolescent girls’ education, health and economic outcomes: Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya (AGI-K) randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Austrian ◽  
Erica Soler-Hampejsek ◽  
Beth Kangwana ◽  
Yohannes Dibaba Wado ◽  
Benta Abuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Young Adolescent ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
Prevention Education

Abstract Background Early adolescence is a critical window for intervention when it is possible to lay a foundation for a safe transition to adulthood, before negative outcomes occur. The Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya randomized trial tested the effects of combinations of interventions for young adolescent girls in two sites – the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi and rural Wajir County in the Northeastern region. Methods The interventions included community dialogues on the role and value of girls (violence prevention), a conditional cash transfer (education), weekly group meetings for girls with health and life skills training (health), and training and incentives for financial literacy and savings activities (wealth creation). Participants were randomized to one of four study arms: 1) violence prevention only, 2) violence prevention and education, 3) violence prevention, education and health or 4) violence prevention, education, health and wealth creation. An intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted using longitudinal data to estimate the impact of each combination of interventions and various sensitivity analyses conducted addressing potential attrition bias and multiple hypothesis testing concerns. Results In Kibera, the education conditional cash transfer had small effects on grade attainment but larger impacts on completion of primary school and the transition to secondary school in the most comprehensive arm; the health intervention improved sexual and reproductive health knowledge and condom self-efficacy; and the wealth intervention improved financial literacy and savings behavior. In Wajir, the education conditional cash transfer increased school enrollment and grade attainment, and the wealth intervention improved savings behavior. Conclusions The results indicate that when trying to improve a range of outcomes related to adolescent wellbeing for young girls, a multisectoral intervention with components addressing household economic constraints is a promising approach. Trial registration Trial Registry: ISRCTN, ISRCTN77455458. Registered 24/12/2015 - Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Impacts of two-year multi-sectoral interventions on young adolescent girls’ education, health and economic outcomes: Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Austrian ◽  
Erica Soler-Hampejsek ◽  
Beth Kangwana ◽  
Yohannes Wado ◽  
Benta Abuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Young Adolescent ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
Prevention Education

Abstract Background Early adolescence is a critical window for intervention when it is possible to lay a foundation for a safe transition to adulthood, before negative outcomes occur. The Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya randomized trial tested the effects of combinations of interventions for young adolescent girls in two sites – the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi and rural Wajir County in the Northeastern region. Methods The interventions included community dialogues on the role and value of girls (violence prevention), a conditional cash transfer (education), weekly group meetings for girls with health and life skills training (health), and training and incentives for financial literacy and savings activities (wealth creation). Participants were randomized to one of four study arms: 1) violence prevention only, 2) violence prevention and education, 3) violence prevention, education and health or 4) violence prevention, education, health and wealth creation. An intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted to estimate the impact of each combination of interventions and various sensitivity analyses conducted addressing potential attrition bias and multiple hypothesis testing concerns. Results In Kibera, the conditional cash transfer had small effects on grade attainment but larger impacts on completion of primary school and the transition to secondary school in the most comprehensive arm; the health intervention improved sexual and reproductive health knowledge and condom self-efficacy; and the wealth intervention improved financial literacy and savings behavior. In Wajir, the conditional cash transfer increased school enrollment and grade attainment, and the wealth intervention improved savings behavior. Conclusions The results indicate that when trying to improve a range of outcomes related to adolescent wellbeing for young girls, a multi-sectoral intervention with components addressing household economic constraints is a promising approach.

Effect of Cash Transfer on School Dropout Rates using Longitudinal Data Modelling: A Randomized Trial of Research Initiative to Support the Empowerment of girls (RISE) in Zambia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Mutale Sampa ◽  
Choolwe Jacobs ◽  
Patrick Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Rural Zambia

Background: School dropout rates, as well as early marriages and pregnancies, are high among adolescent girls in rural Zambia. In the quest to fight this, the Research Initiative to Support the Empowerment of girls (RISE) trial has been providing cash transfers and community dialogues to adolescent girls in rural Zambia. The overall goal of the study was to establish the effects of cash transfers on adolescent girls’ school dropout rates in selected provinces of Zambia. Methods: The study was nested in the RISE trial which is a cluster randomized trial conducted in Central and Southern provinces of Zambia. A total of 3500 adolescent girls were included in the study. Random intercepts model was used to model the individual effects estimates, taking account of the dependency that was likely to occur due to the repeated measurements and clustering in the study. Results: Girls who were married or cohabiting and girls who had given birth, were significantly less likely to be in school (OR=0.004, 95% CI {0.001-0.02}, p-value=<0.0001) and (OR=0.003, 95% CI {0.02-0.04}, p-value=<0.0001) respectively. Consistently receiving cash transfers increased the chance of a girl being in school (OR=8.51, 95% CI {4.50-16.08}, p-value=<0.0001). There was an indication that the combined intervention arm had a reduced chance of girls being in school, however, we could not rule out chance finding (OR=0.89, 95% CI {0.59-1.36}, p=0.606). Conclusion: The study found that marriage or cohabiting and giving birth whilst in school reduce the chances of the girl continuing schooling. No significant association could be attributed to the type of intervention, However, consistent receipt of cash transfers was shown to be a protective factor of school dropout rates in the study.

scholarly journals Challenges of BFIs in Cash Transfer Program to Earthquake Affected Victims: Lessons from Nepal’s Earthquake 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Tej Bahadur Karki ◽  
Rita Lamsal ◽  
Namita Poudel Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Earthquake Reconstruction

The government of Nepal successfully managed the post-earthquake housing reconstruction and rehabilitation endeavours in the aftermath of Nepal’s earthquake 2015, where more than 800,000 Earthquake affected households were identified as beneficiaries and provided financial assistance to build their house. The purpose of this research is to explore the challenges faced by the Banks and Financial Institutions (BFIs) during the cash grant distribution procedures for the earthquake beneficiaries. This paper is prepared to explore the Government of Nepal’s private housing reconstruction initiatives as an effort to cope with the post-earthquake reconstruction and rehabilitation works and the role of BFIs in disbursing of the government’s conditional cash transfer program to the identified earthquake beneficiaries. The study had collected data from 16 BFIs where 53 respondents participated in the study. It is based on the qualitative design because structured interview was conducted to collect the data. The findings show that private housing reconstruction endeavours focusing on the cash transfer programs of the GoN were more effective, where 99% of the beneficiaries received the 1st Tranche as of June 2021. Though, there were several challenges shared by the respondents during the grant transfer mechanism such as human resource management, lack of financial literacy and understanding of bank-related services, lack of adequate coordination among the concerned stakeholders, merger and acquisition of BFIs, beneficiaries’ ownership/nominee transfer, cash management, mismatch of the beneficiaries name, and reconciliation and data verification.The study would be crucial to learn important lessons from Nepal’s post-earthquake reconstruction for future disaster resilience activities

scholarly journals A Brief History of Evidence-Informed Decision Making for Nutrition in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2277S-2280S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnette M Neufeld ◽  
Rogelio Grados ◽  
Alejandría Villa de la Vega ◽  
Concepción Steta ◽  
Ferdinando Regalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Cluster Randomized

ABSTRACTThe Progresa Conditional Cash Transfer program in Mexico began in 1997, with a strong evidence-based design. The program's ultimate objective was to foster the development of human capital through 3 components—education, health, and food. Rigorous impact evaluation generated evidence of impact on several outcomes, including child growth, but also aspects of program design and implementation challenges that may have limited impact. The objective of this supplement is to present research that led to the redesign of the health component, its implementation and evaluation at pilot scale, and its scale-up to national level, representing >15 y of collaboration among evaluators, program implementers, and funders. The studies used various methodologies, including process evaluation, cohort studies, ethnographic assessments, and a cluster-randomized trial, among others. The articles report previously unpublished results and citations of published literature. Article 1 uses an impact pathway to highlight gaps and bottlenecks that limited potential for greater impact, the original recognition of which was the impetus for this long collaboration. Article 2 explores the social and cultural factors that influence decisions to participate in programs and to adopt the actions proposed by them. Article 3 presents a cluster-randomized trial implemented to inform the choice of nutritional supplements for pregnant and lactating women and children 6–59 mo of age and how this and other evidence from the studies were used to redesign the health component of the program. Articles 4 and 5 present results of the development and pilot testing of the modified health component, the Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (abbreviated to EsIAN from its name in Spanish) (article 4), and the process and challenges of training and supervision in taking the EsIAN to scale (article 5). The final article provides reflections on the relevance of this body of work for implementation research in nutrition.

scholarly journals Comparing four service delivery models for adolescent girls and young women through the ‘Girl Power’ study: protocol for a multisite quasi-experimental cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora E Rosenberg ◽  
Audrey E Pettifor ◽  
Laura Myers ◽  
Twambilile Phanga ◽  
Rebecca Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Girl Power ◽  
Power Study ◽  
The University ◽  
Youth Friendly

IntroductionIn sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) face a range of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges. Clinical, behavioural and structural interventions have each reduced these risks and improved health outcomes. However, combinations of these interventions have not been compared with each other or with no intervention at all. The ‘Girl Power’ study is designed to systematically make these comparisons.Methods and analysisFour comparable health facilities in Malawi and South Africa (n=8) were selected and assigned to one of the following models of care: (1)Standard of care: AGYW can receive family planning, HIV testing and counselling (HTC), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) syndromic management in three separate locations with three separate queues with the general population. No youth-friendly spaces, clinical modifications or trainings are offered, (2)Youth-Friendly Health Services (YFHS): AGYW are meant to receive integrated family planning, HTC and STI services in dedicated youth spaces with youth-friendly modifications and providers trained in YFHS, (3)YFHS+behavioural intervention (BI): In addition to YFHS, AGYW can attend 12 monthly theory-driven, facilitator-led, interactive sessions on health, finance and relationships, (4)YFHS+BI+conditional cash transfer (CCT): in addition to YFHS and BI, AGYW receive up to 12 CCTs conditional on monthly BI session attendance.At each clinic, 250 AGYW 15–24 years old (n=2000 total) will be consented, enrolled and followed for 1 year. Each participant will complete a behavioural survey at enrolment, 6 months and 12 months . All clinical, behavioural and CCT services will be captured. Outcomes of interest include uptake of each package element and reduction in HIV risk behaviours. A qualitative substudy will be conducted.Ethics/disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board, the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee and Malawi’s National Health Sciences Research Committee. Study plans, processes and findings will be disseminated to stakeholders, in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.

scholarly journals Encouraging Savings Behavior through Conditional Cash Transfers: Lessons from Latin America

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Gillian M. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
The Poor

Savings, in the form of financial capital held in formal bank accounts, are an important factor in reducing poverty. They can stimulate financial inclusion of the poor, protect against unforeseen shocks, and fund long-term investments in human and economic development. However, the poor have limited options for formal savings. In recent years, governments around the world have begun to incorporate savings into their conditional cash transfer interventions. This paper focuses on such interventions by national and municipal governments in Latin America. While the evidence base is still too small to draw any firm conclusions about short-term benefits or long-term effectiveness, there have been positive outcomes from pilot projects and adapted savings-linked conditional cash transfer programs in some countries. To ensure successful program design and implementation, governments interested in savings-linked conditional cash transfers should make sure to fully assess the political, economic, regulatory, and infrastructural conditions present in their communities.

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