Impacts of two-year multisectoral cash plus programs on young adolescent girls’ education, health and economic outcomes: Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya (AGI-K) randomized trial

Background Early adolescence is a critical window for intervention when it is possible to lay a foundation for a safe transition to adulthood, before negative outcomes occur. The Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya randomized trial tested the effects of combinations of interventions for young adolescent girls in two sites – the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi and rural Wajir County in the Northeastern region. Methods The interventions included community dialogues on the role and value of girls (violence prevention), a conditional cash transfer (education), weekly group meetings for girls with health and life skills training (health), and training and incentives for financial literacy and savings activities (wealth creation). Participants were randomized to one of four study arms: 1) violence prevention only, 2) violence prevention and education, 3) violence prevention, education and health or 4) violence prevention, education, health and wealth creation. An intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted using longitudinal data to estimate the impact of each combination of interventions and various sensitivity analyses conducted addressing potential attrition bias and multiple hypothesis testing concerns. Results In Kibera, the education conditional cash transfer had small effects on grade attainment but larger impacts on completion of primary school and the transition to secondary school in the most comprehensive arm; the health intervention improved sexual and reproductive health knowledge and condom self-efficacy; and the wealth intervention improved financial literacy and savings behavior. In Wajir, the education conditional cash transfer increased school enrollment and grade attainment, and the wealth intervention improved savings behavior. Conclusions The results indicate that when trying to improve a range of outcomes related to adolescent wellbeing for young girls, a multisectoral intervention with components addressing household economic constraints is a promising approach. Trial registration Trial Registry: ISRCTN, ISRCTN77455458. Registered 24/12/2015 - Retrospectively registered.

A rare cause of bilateral pleural effusion – desmoplastic small round cell tumor

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, extremely aggressive and malignant tumor predominantly affects young adolescent males and typically presents as a large intra-abdominal mass. However, tumor arising from other body sites are also reported in the literature. Histology and immunohistochemistry play an important role in the diagnosis and differentiating this rare tumor from other round cell tumors. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy is the treatment of choice as there is no standard therapy. We report a case of DSRCT of pleura presenting as bilateral pleural effusion in a young adolescent male who was treated with both surgery and chemotherapy. However patient succumbed to death after one year of diagnosis.

PROBLEMS OF YOUNG ADOLESCENTS’ SELF-REGULATION

The article discusses the issues of self-regulation development in young adolescents. It reveals the structural elements of self-regulation process, characterizes the structural-functional and content-psychological aspects of self-regulation. The presented structure served as the basis for the analysis of self-regulation of children of early adolescence, taking into account the changes that occur with children at this age stage. The following features of self-regulation of young adolescents in different spheres of their personal development have been identified: a decrease in the ability of self-regulation due to changes occurring at the physiological level and in the functioning of the nervous system of the young adolescent; an increase in the young adolescent's ability to consciously and arbitrarily regulate the motivational sphere of personality in combination with weak arbitrariness of learning motivation; the emergence of the ability for independent volitional regulation of activity; a decrease in the ability for self-regulation in the emotional sphere due to the emergence of a tendency to self-reinforcement, a tendency to affectation in behavior; connection of the adequacy of the image of the "I" and the ability to self-regulation.

ANALISIS STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PERILAKU BULLYING REMAJA AWAL DI DENPASAR

ABSTRAK Bullying merupakan perilaku negatif yang dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku bullying remaja awal di Denpasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu siswa dan siswi kelas VII dan VIII sejumlah 279, dipilih dengan multistage random sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah karakteristik responden, perilaku bullying, pengetahuan, sikap, konsep diri, stress akademik, situasi keluarga, konformitas teman sebaya, iklim sekolah, dan media menggunakan kuesioner dalam jaringan (daring) kobotoolbox. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prevalensi perilaku bullying remaja awal di Denpasar adalah 83,15% dengan kategori rendah. Bullying verbal paling sering dilakukan remaja awal dengan kategori rendah (71,68%) dan kategori tinggi (1,43%). Bullying psikologis dilakukan remaja awal dengan kategori rendah (46,95%) dan bullying fisik dengan kategori rendah (44,09%). Faktor yang signifikan memengaruhi perilaku bullying adalah situasi keluarga (total efek= -0,20), konformitas teman sebaya (total efek=0,17), iklim sekolah (total efek= -0,18), dan media (total efek=2,14). Perilaku bullying remaja awal di Kota Denpasar masih relatif tinggi, perlu adanya dukungan dari berbagai sektor untuk dapat mengontrol perilaku dan menurunkan prevalensi perilaku bullying. Kata Kunci: Bullying, Faktor Bullying, Remaja Awal, SEM ABSTRACT Bullying is a negative behavior that can cause mental health problems. This study aims to determine the factors that affecting the bullying behavior of young adolescents in Denpasar City. This is quantitative analytic research with cross-sectional design. The sample of this research is students of class VII and VIII, 279 young adolescents were selected by multistage random sampling. Data collected were respondents' characteristics, bullying behavior, knowledge, attitudes, self-concept, academic stress, family situations, peer conformity, school climate, and the media using an online questionnaire kobotoolbox. The results showed that the prevalence of bullying behavior young adolescents in Denpasar is 83,15% with low category. Verbal bullying was highest in low category (71.68%) and high category (1.43%) followed by psychological bullying in low category (46.95%) and physical bullying in low category (44.09%). Significant factors influencing young adolescent bullying behavior are family situation (total effect = -0,20), peer conformity (total effect = 0.17), school climate (total effect = -0.18), and media (total effect = 2.14). Bullying behavior of young adolescents in Denpasar City is still relatively high, support from various sectors is required to control behavior and reduce the prevalence of bullying behavior. Key Words: Bullying, Bullying Factors, Young Adolescent, SEM

‘Adolescent and maternal mental health before during the pandemic’ – In Conversation Dr. Nicky Wright

This episode of our JCPP Advances series that focus on the papers and editors featured in the publication is with Dr. Nicola Wright, research associate at the department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Kings College London. Nicola discusses her paper 'Interplay between long-term vulnerability and new risk: Young adolescent and maternal mental health immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic'.

Managing Class II Malocclusion Using Twin Block Therapy in a Young Adolescent Female: A Case Report

Twin block therapy is highly effective in patients with remaining growth potential. However, its successful use is confounded by many patient related factors such as age, gender, compliance of the patient and other miscellaneous criteria’s. If treated within time, growth modification and orthopedics can harness suitable forces to cause skeletal correction of the malocclusion. The appliance is highly successful in a patient with retruded mandible and presenting with a positive visual treatment objective. This paper discusses a case of 11-year-old female patient with characteristic twin block appliance indication in which successful skeletal modification was achieved.