scholarly journals A synergistic bactericidal effect of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound combined with levofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles on M. smegmatis in macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Xie ◽  
Gangjing Li ◽  
Yuru Hou ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Fahui Li ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Xie ◽  
Gangjing Li ◽  
Yuru Hou ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Fahui Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which often parasites in macrophages. This study is performed to investigate the bactericidal effect and underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFLIU) combined with levofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (LEV-NPs) on M. smegmatis (a surrogate of Mtb) in macrophages.Methods and results: The LEV-NPs were prepared using a double emulsification method. The average diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, and drug release efficiency in vitro of the LEV-NPs were investigated. M. smegmatis in macrophages was treated using the LEV-NPs combined with 42 kHz ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.13 W/cm2 for 10 min. The results showed that ultrasound significantly promoted the phagocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages (p < 0.05). In addition, further ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage , and the apoptosis rate of the macrophages was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). The transmission electronic microscope showed that the cell wall of M. smegmatis was ruptured, the cell structure was incomplete, and the bacteria received severe damage in the ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs group. Activity assays showed that ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs exhibited a 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis residing inside macrophages compared with the free drug.Conclusion: These data demonstrated that ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs has great potential as a therapeutic agent for TB.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Xie ◽  
Gangjing Li ◽  
Yuru Hou ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Fahui Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which often parasites in macrophages. This study is performed to investigate the bactericidal effect and underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFLIU) combined with levofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (LEV-NPs) on M. smegmatis (a surrogate of Mtb) in macrophages.Methods and results: The LEV-NPs were prepared using a double emulsification method. The average diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, and drug release efficiency in vitro of the LEV-NPs were investigated. M. smegmatis in macrophages was treated using the LEV-NPs combined with 42 kHz ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.13 W/cm2 for 10 min. The results showed that ultrasound significantly promoted the phagocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages (p < 0.05). In addition, further ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage, and the apoptosis rate of the macrophages was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). The transmission electronic microscope showed that the cell wall of M. smegmatis was ruptured, the cell structure was incomplete, and the bacteria received severe damage in the ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs group. Activity assays showed that ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs exhibited a 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis residing inside macrophages compared with the free drug.Conclusion: These data demonstrated that ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs has great potential as a therapeutic agent for TB.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Xie ◽  
Gangjing Li ◽  
Yuru Hou ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Fahui Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which often parasites in macrophages. The present study was to investigate the bactericidal effect and underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFLIU) combined with levofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles (LEV-NPs) on M. smegmatis (a surrogate of Mtb )in macrophages. Methods and results LEV-NPs were prepared by a double emulsification method. The characterization, such as average diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index and morphology, and in-vitro drug release efficiency of LEV-NPs were investigated. M. smegmatis in macrophages was treated by LEV-NPs combined with 42 kHz ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.13 W/cm 2 for 10 min. The results showed ultrasound could significantly promote phagocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages ( p <0.05), further ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs could promote the production of macrophage ROS, and the apoptosis rate of macrophages was significantly higher than that of the control ( p <0.05). Transmission electronic microscope showed M. smegmatis cell wall was ruptured, the cell structure was incomplete, and the bacteria received severe damage in the ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs group. Activity assays showed that ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs exhibited 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis residing inside macrophages compared with free drug. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs have a great potential to therapy of tuberculosis.


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