Nanoselenium transformation and inhibition of cadmium accumulation by regulating the lignin biosynthetic pathway and plant hormone signal transduction in pepper plants

AbstractSelenium (Se) can promote the growth and resistance of agricultural crops as fertilizers, while the role of nano-selenium (nano-Se) against Cd remains unclear in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Biofortification with nano-Se observably restored Cd stress by decreasing the level of Cd in plant tissues and boosting the accumulation in biomass. The Se compounds transformed by nano-Se were primarily in the form of SeMet and MeSeCys in pepper tissues. Differential metabolites and the genes of plant signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis were measured by employing transcriptomics and determining target metabolites. The number of lignin-related genes (PAL, CAD, 4CL, and COMT) and contents of metabolites (sinapyl alcohol, phenylalanine, p-coumaryl alcohol, caffeyl alcohol, and coniferaldehyde) were remarkably enhanced by treatment with Cd1Se0.2, thus, maintaining the integrity of cell walls in the roots. It also enhanced signal transduction by plant hormones and responsive resistance by inducing the biosynthesis of genes (BZR1, LOX3, and NCDE1) and metabolites (brassinolide, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid) in the roots and leaves. In general, this study can enable a better understanding of the protective mechanism of nano-Se in improving the capacity of plants to resist environmental stress.

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Nanoselenium Transformation And Inhibition of Cadmium Accumulation By Regulating The Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway And Plant Hormone Signal Transduction In Pepper Plants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-824087/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dong Li ◽

Chunran Zhou ◽

Jinling Ma ◽

Yangliu Wu ◽

Lu Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Plant Signal Transduction ◽

Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Pepper Plants

Abstract Selenium (Se) can promote the growth and resistance of agricultural crops as fertilizers, while the role of nano-selenium (nano-Se) against Cd remains unclear in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Biofortification with nano-Se observably restored Cd stress by decreasing the level of Cd in plant tissues and boosting the accumulation in biomass. The Se compounds transformed by nano-Se were primarily in the form of SeMet and MeSeCys in pepper tissues. Differential metabolites and the genes of plant signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis were measured by employing transcriptomics and determining target metabolites. The number of lignin-related genes (PAL, CAD, 4CL, and COMT) and contents of metabolites (sinapyl alcohol, phenylalanine, p-coumaryl alcohol, caffeyl alcohol, and coniferaldehyde) were remarkably enhanced by treatment with Cd1Se0.2, thus, maintaining the integrity of cell walls in the roots. It also enhanced signal transduction by plant hormones and responsive resistance by inducing the biosynthesis of genes (BZR1, LOX3, and NCDE1) and metabolites (brassinolide, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid) in the roots and leaves. In general, this study can enable a better understanding of the protective mechanism of nano-Se in improving the capacity of plants to resist environmental stress.

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Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) Is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis

Science ◽

10.1126/science.1241602 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 341 (6150) ◽

pp. 1103-1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 227

Author(s):

Ruben Vanholme ◽

Igor Cesarino ◽

Katarzyna Rataj ◽

Yuguo Xiao ◽

Lisa Sundin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Metabolite Profiling ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Wild Type ◽

Secondary Cell Walls ◽

Phenolic Metabolite ◽

In The Wild ◽

Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin than do wild-type plants, and the remaining lignin is enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl units. Phenolic metabolite profiling identified accumulation of the lignin pathway intermediate caffeoyl shikimate in cse mutants as compared to caffeoyl shikimate levels in the wild type, suggesting caffeoyl shikimate as a substrate for CSE. Accordingly, recombinant CSE hydrolyzed caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate. Associated with the changes in lignin, the conversion of cellulose to glucose in cse mutants increased up to fourfold as compared to that in the wild type upon saccharification without pretreatment. Collectively, these data necessitate the revision of currently accepted models of the lignin biosynthetic pathway.

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Melatonin Improves Cotton Salt Tolerance by Regulating ROS Scavenging System and Ca2 + Signal Transduction

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.693690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yuexin Zhang ◽

Yapeng Fan ◽

Cun Rui ◽

Hong Zhang ◽

Nan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Endogenous Melatonin

As one of the cash crops, cotton is facing the threat of abiotic stress during its growth and development. It has been reported that melatonin is involved in plant defense against salt stress, but whether melatonin can improve cotton salt tolerance and its molecular mechanism remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in cotton salt tolerance by silencing melatonin synthesis gene and exogenous melatonin application in upland cotton. In this study, applicating of melatonin can improve salt tolerance of cotton seedlings. The content of endogenous melatonin was different in cotton varieties with different salt tolerance. The inhibition of melatonin biosynthesis related genes and endogenous melatonin content in cotton resulted in the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity, Ca2+ content and salt tolerance of cotton. To explore the protective mechanism of exogenous melatonin against salt stress by RNA-seq analysis. Melatonin played an important role in the resistance of cotton to salt stress, improved the salt tolerance of cotton by regulating antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, plant hormones, signal molecules and Ca2+ signal transduction. This study proposed a regulatory network for melatonin to regulate cotton’s response to salt stress, which provided a theoretical basis for improving cotton’s salt tolerance.

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Phylogenetic Occurrence of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.704697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tao Yao ◽

Kai Feng ◽

Meng Xie ◽

Jaime Barros ◽

Timothy J. Tschaplinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Shikimate Pathway ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽

Land Plant ◽

Bioenergy Crops ◽

Plant Colonization ◽

Epsp Synthase ◽

Syringyl Lignin ◽

Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants and provides precursors for lignin biosynthesis. Lignin first appeared in tracheophytes and has been hypothesized to have played pivotal roles in land plant colonization. In this review, we summarize recent progress in defining the lignin biosynthetic pathway in lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. In particular, we review the key structural genes involved in p-hydroxyphenyl-, guaiacyl-, and syringyl-lignin biosynthesis across plant taxa and consider and integrate new insights on major transcription factors, such as NACs and MYBs. We also review insight regarding a new transcriptional regulator, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, canonically identified as a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway. We use several case studies, including EPSP synthase, to illustrate the evolution processes of gene duplication and neo-functionalization in lignin biosynthesis. This review provides new insights into the genetic engineering of the lignin biosynthetic pathway to overcome biomass recalcitrance in bioenergy crops.

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