Correction to: Serum and urinary concentrations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and lead after an aerobic training period of six months in aerobic athletes and sedentary people

This study aimed to analyze the effects of a swimming training mesocycle in master swimmers’ performance and active drag. Twenty-two 39.87 ± 6.10 year-old master swimmers performed a 25 m front crawl at maximal intensity before and after a typical four-week training mesocycle. Maximum, mean and minimum speeds, speed decrease and hip horizontal intra-cyclic velocity variation were assessed using an electromechanical speedometer, and the active drag and power to overcome drag were determined using the measuring active drag system. Maximum, mean and minimum front crawl speeds improved from pre- to post-training (mean ± 95% CI: 3.1 ± 2.8%, p = 0.04; 2.9 ± 1.6%, p = 0.01; and 4.6 ± 3.1%, p = 0.01; respectively) and the speed decrease along the 25 m test lowered after the training period (82.5 ± 76.3%, p = 0.01). The training mesocycle caused a reduction in the active drag at speeds corresponding to 70% (5.0 ± 3.9%), 80% (5.6 ± 4.0%), and 90% (5.9 ± 4.0%), but not at 100% (5.9 ± 6.7%), of the swimmers’ maximal exertions in the 25 m test. These results showed that four weeks of predominantly aerobic training could improve master swimmers’ performance and reduce their hydrodynamic drag while swimming mainly at submaximal speeds.

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Cardiovascular autonomic function correlates with the response to aerobic training in healthy sedentary subjects

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00202.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (4) ◽

pp. H1747-H1752 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Arto J. Hautala ◽

Timo H. Mäkikallio ◽

Antti Kiviniemi ◽

Raija T. Laukkanen ◽

Seppo Nissilä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Spectral Component ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Training Period ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Autonomic Function ◽

Training Response ◽

Sedentary Subjects

Individual responses to aerobic training vary from almost none to a 40% increase in aerobic fitness in sedentary subjects. The reasons for these differences in the training response are not well known. We hypothesized that baseline cardiovascular autonomic function may influence the training response. The study population included sedentary male subjects ( n = 39, 35 ± 9 yr). The training period was 8 wk, including 6 sessions/wk at an intensity of 70–80% of the maximum heart rate for 30–60 min/session. Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed by measuring the power spectral indexes of heart rate variability from 24-h R-R interval recordings before the training period. Mean peak O2 uptake increased by 11 ± 5% during the training period (range 2–19%). The training response correlated with age ( r = –0.39, P = 0.007) and with the values of the high-frequency (HF) spectral component of R-R intervals (HF power) analyzed over the 24-h recording ( r = 0.46, P = 0.002) or separately during the daytime hours ( r = 0.35, P = 0.028) and most strongly during the nighttime hours ( r = 0.52, P = 0.001). After adjustment for age, HF power was still associated with the training response (e.g., P = 0.001 analyzed during nighttime hours). These data show that cardiovascular autonomic function is an important determinant of the response to aerobic training among sedentary men. High vagal activity at baseline is associated with the improvement in aerobic power caused by aerobic exercise training in healthy sedentary subjects.

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