Genetic Algorithm Based Temperature-Queuing Method for Aggregated IAC Load Control

In recent years, demand response (DR) has played an increasingly important role in maintaining the safety, stability and economic operation of power grid. Due to the continuous running state and extremely fast speed of response, the aggregated inverter air conditioning (IAC) load is considered as the latest and most ideal object for DR. However, it is easy to cause load rebound when the aggregated IAC load participates in DR. Existing methods for controlling air conditioners to participate in DR cannot meet the following three requirements at the same time: basic DR target, load rebound suppression, and users’ comfort. Therefore, this paper has proposed a genetic algorithm based temperature-queuing control method for aggregated IAC load control, which could suppress load rebound under the premise of ensuring the DR target and take users’ comfort into account. Firstly, the model of the aggregated IAC load is established by the Monte Carlo method. Then the start and end time of DR are selected as the main solution variables. A genetic algorithm is used as the solving tool. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy shows better performance in suppressing load rebound. In the specific application scenario of adjusting the frequency fluctuation of the microgrid, the results of the case show that this strategy can effectively control the frequency fluctuation of the microgrid. The effectiveness of the strategy is verified.

Effect of Intensity on Changes in Cardiac Autonomic Control of Heart Rate and Arterial Stiffness After Equated Continuous Running Training Programs

Background: It is well known that exercise training has positive effects on both cardiac autonomic function and arterial stiffness (AS). However, it is not clear that which exercise training variables, intensity or volume, or both, play a crucial role in this regard. This study investigates the chronic effects of high-volume moderate-intensity training (HVMIT) and low-volume high-intensity training (LVHIT) on heart rate variability (HRV) and AS in sedentary adult men.Materials and Methods: Notably, 45 males (age: 42 ± 5.7 years) were randomly assigned to a control (n = 15), HVMIT (n = 15), or LVHIT (n = 15). The HVMIT group ran three times per week on a treadmill at 50–60% of VO2max for 45–60 min, while the LVHIT trained at 70–85% of VO2max for 25–40 min. Both training protocols were equated by caloric expenditure. HRV, pulse wave velocity (PWV), hemodynamic variables, and body composition were measured before and after 12 weeks.Results: Both protocols (i.e., HVMIT and LVHIT) significantly increased the SD of normal sinus beat intervals (SDNN) and high-frequency (HF) bands (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks. Whereas the low-frequency (LF)-HF ratio decreased significantly in both training protocols (p < 0.05); however, these changes were significantly greater in the LVHIT protocol (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) significantly increased only in the LVHIT (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in LF and PWV was only observed following the LVHIT protocol (p < 0.05). Some measures of HRV and PWV were significantly correlated (r = 0.275–0.559; p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results show that the LVHIT protocol was more efficient for improving HRV variables and PWV than the HVMIT protocol after 12 weeks of continuous running training. Interestingly, changes in some HRV parameters were related to changes in PWV. Further studies should elaborate on the link between central and peripheral cardiovascular adaptations after continuous and intermittent training regimens differing in intensity.

Pengaruh Metode Continuous Running Terhadap Peningktan Daya Tahan Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Pencak Silat di Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya daya tahan siswa ekstrakurikuler pencak silat di Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode Continuous Running Terhadap penngkatan daya tahan siswa ekstrakurikuler pencak silat di Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Desain penelitian pretest post. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa ekstrakurikuler pencak silat di Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam yang berjumlah 14 peserta. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 2 variabel. Yaitu, Variabel bebas : Metode Continuous Running, dan variabel terikat : Daya tahan peserta ekstrakurikuler pencak silat Nurussalam. instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Bleep Tes. Dari hasil penelitian pengaruh Metode Continuous Running terhadap VO2max Siswa Ekstrakulikuler Pencak Silat Di Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam. Berikut hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan siswa ekstrakuler Pencak Silat di Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam dan di dapat hasil sebagai berikut : rata-rata(mean), standar deviasi(SD), dan VO2max dari masing-masing data pre test yang terendah 23,6 dan tertinggi 30,6 dan post test yang terendah adalah 27,2 dan yang teringgi 38,5. Kemudian rata-rata (mean) pre test kemampuan daya tahan adalah 26,19, dan post test adalah 32,72. Standar deviasi (SD) pre test sebesar 1,88, dan post test 2,96. Perubaan (D) sebesar 6,54.

Lower volume throughout the taper and higher intensity in the last interval session prior to a 1,500 m time trial improves performance

Eight highly-trained middle-distance runners (1,500 m personal best 4:01.4 ± 0:09.2 min) completed two 7-day tapers, separated by at least 3 weeks of regular training: (i) prescribed using prediction models from elite middle-distance runners, where continuous running volume was reduced by 30% and interval intensity was equal to 1,500 m race pace (RP); and (ii) continuous running volume was reduced by 60% and intensity of the final interval session was completed at 110% of 1,500 m race pace (HI). Performance was assessed using 1,500 m time trials on an indoor 200 m track one day before, and one day after each taper. Performance time was improved after HI by 5.2 ± 3.7 s (mean ± 90% confidence limits, p = 0.03) and by 3.2 ± 3.8 s after RP (p = 0.15). The first and second 300-m segments of the 1,500 m time trial were faster post-taper in RP (p = 0.012 and p = 0.017, respectively) and HI (both p = 0.012). Running faster than race pace late in a low-volume taper is recommended to improve 1,500 m track performance. A positive pacing strategy is adopted after tapering, although care should be taken to avoid an over-fast start. Novel Findings • A large reduction in volume during tapering and an increase in final interval session intensity improves running performance • Athletes adopt a negative pacing strategy before tapering and a positive-pacing strategy after tapering

Ascorbic Acid Supplementation During Endurance Training in Hypertensive Men: Effect on Catalase, Nitric Oxide and Blood Pressure

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the influence of consuming ascorbic acid during high -intensity endurance training on catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive male. Methods: 36 hypertensive male voluntary participated in the present study and randomly assigned into endurance training-ascorbic acid (HTC; n = 9), endurance training-placebo (HTP; n = 9), ascorbic acid (AA; n = 9) and control (n = 9). The exercise protocol was including continuous running exercise training with gradually increasing of duration and intensity, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. The supplement groups consumed daily 500 mg of ascorbic acid, and the placebo group consumed the same amount of maltodextrin. Fasting blood samples was gathered before the beginning exercise protocol and one day after last session for analyzing CAT and NO. Results: Results showed that activity of CAT and NO concentration were significantly increased only in the HTC and HTP (P ≤ 0.05). Also, in the HTP and HTC, a significant decrease observed in the systolic and diastolic (P ≤ 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between HTC and HTP in SBP and DBP (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Finally, we concluded that, continuous running exercise training has positive effect on the catalase and oxide nitric activity, and can improve blood pressure in the hypertensive men. Anyway, combined the high -intensity aerobic training with ascorbic acid may have not more efficacy.

Comparison of intensity and post-effort response in three interval trainings in young tennis players: running interval, specific interval, and specific intermittent training

Introduction: In recent years, considerable interest has been shown in adapting training to the specific characteristics of tennis. The use of intermittent exercise seems to adapt better to the sport’s work/recovery structure and using specific movements allows for local adaptations and complex work. Nevertheless, we need to achieve a level of intensity that is at least similar to what is achieved when continuous running is used. The ability to recover between points is also a decisive factor in terms of performance. Our hypothesis is that recovery depends on stimulus type, which means the most suitable stimuli must be chosen to improve this capacity. Material and method: Our study’s goal was to compare the intensity and post-effort behaviour triggered by three types of exercise: continuous running with 2-minute intervals (GIT), rallies with 2-minute intervals (SIT) and intermittent rallies (SIIT). We measured heart rate (HR) and blood lactate levels during the three exercises, as well as the recovery to 130 beats and in the first 10 and 20 seconds post-effort. Results: Heart rate intensity was significantly higher in SIT than in GIT and lactate levels were higher in both SIT and SIIT compared to GIT. Heart rate recovery is significantly slower in both specific exercises, increasing in the first 10 and 20 seconds with SIIT. Discussion: We have reached the conclusion that specific training led to greater intensity in the specific exercises. Post-effort response is slower in the specific trainings and paradoxical in the initial seconds of intermittent training.

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

Phase-sensitive time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) can be used for fully distributed long-distance vibration monitoring. There is a fading phenolmenon in the Φ-OTDR, which will cause the signal intensity somewhere to be too low to extract the phase of the signal without distortion. In this paper, the Φ-OTDR based on space-division multiplexing (SDM) is proposed to suppress fading and we used multi-core optical fiber (MCF) to realize SDM. While inheriting the previous optimization strategy, we proposed a strategy based on frequency spectral similarity to process multiple independent signals obtained by SDM. And we compared the two methods. Through the experiments, the distortion rate can be reduced from an average level of 9.34% to less than 2% under continuous running of 270 s, which proves that SDM is a reliable technical route to achieve fading suppression. This method can effectively improve the fading suppression capability of the existed commercial systems.

Different Sclerostin Response to Cycling and Running at the Same Exercise Intensity

Recreational cycling is a popular activity which stimulates and improves cardiovascular fitness. The corresponding benefits for bone are unclear. This study examined the effect of running (high-impact) vs. cycling (low-impact), at the same moderate-to-vigorous exercise intensity, on markers of bone formation (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, PINP) and bone resorption (C-telopeptide of type I collagen, CTX-1), a non-collagenous bone remodeling marker (osteocalcin), as well as bone-modulating factors, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), irisin (myokine) and sclerostin (osteokine). Thirteen healthy men (23.7±1.0 y) performed two progressive exercise tests to exhaustion (peak VO2) on a cycle ergometer (CE) and on a treadmill (TM). On subsequent separate days, in randomized order, participants performed 30-min continuous running or cycling at 70% heart rate reserve (HRR). Blood was drawn before, immediately post- and 1h into recovery. PTH transiently increased (CE, 51.7%; TM, 50.6%) immediately after exercise in both exercise modes. Sclerostin levels increased following running only (27.7%). Irisin increased following both running and cycling. In both exercise-modes, CTX-1 decreased immediately after exercise, with no significant change in PINP and osteocalcin. At the same moderate-to-vigorous exercise intensity, running appears to result in a greater transient sclerostin response compared with cycling, while the responses of bone markers, PTH and irisin are similar. The longer-term implications of this differential bone response need to be further examined.

Paradigm Shift in Critical Speed Application and Modification for Shuttle Running: A Narrative Review

The overarching purpose of this review was to highlight the utility of different aerobic field tests in terms of the parameters they provide, with a specific focus on shuttle running and all-out testing. Various field tests are discussed in detail and are categorised according to linear continuous running tests (e.g. 12-minute Cooper Test, University of Montreal Track Test [UMTT], 1200/1600 m time trials, 3-minute all-out test for running [3MT]), intermittent shuttle running tests (e.g. yo-yo inter-mittent recovery test level 1 [YYIR1], 30-15 intermittent fitness test [IFT], and the intermittent all-out shuttle test [IAOST]), and continuous shuttle running tests (e.g. 1.2 km shuttle run test [1.2SRT], maximal multi-stage 20-m shuttle test [MSR], 25-m, 30 m and 50-m 3-minute all-out shuttle test [AOST]). Readers will be guided through the theoretical and practical underpinnings of the 3MT methodology, where the all-out testing methodology is stationed within the testing paradigm, and how to practically implement and interpret the results thereof.