scholarly journals Protocol: mixed-methods study of how implementation of US state medical cannabis laws affects treatment of chronic non-cancer pain and adverse opioid outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. McGinty ◽  
Kayla N. Tormohlen ◽  
Colleen L. Barry ◽  
Mark C. Bicket ◽  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Topical Analgesics ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

Abstract Background Thirty-three US states and Washington, D.C., have enacted medical cannabis laws allowing patients with chronic non-cancer pain to use cannabis, when recommended by a physician, to manage their condition. However, clinical guidelines do not recommend cannabis for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain due to limited and mixed evidence of effectiveness. How state medical cannabis laws affect delivery of evidence-based treatment for chronic non-cancer pain is unclear. These laws could lead to substitution of cannabis in place of clinical guideline-discordant opioid prescribing, reducing risk of opioid use disorder and overdose. Conversely, state medical cannabis laws could lead to substitution of cannabis in place of guideline-concordant treatments such as topical analgesics or physical therapy. This protocol describes a mixed-methods study examining the implementation and effects of state medical cannabis laws on treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. A key contribution of the study is the examination of how variation in state medical cannabis laws’ policy implementation rules affects receipt of chronic non-cancer pain treatments. Methods The study uses a concurrent-embedded design. The primary quantitative component of the study employs a difference-in-differences design using a policy trial emulation approach. Quantitative analyses will evaluate state medical cannabis laws’ effects on treatment for chronic non-cancer pain as well as on receipt of treatment for opioid use disorder, opioid overdose, cannabis use disorder, and cannabis poisoning among people with chronic non-cancer pain. Secondary qualitative and survey methods will be used to characterize implementation of state medical cannabis laws through interviews with state leaders and representative surveys of physicians who treat, and patients who experience, chronic non-cancer pain in states with medical cannabis laws. Discussion This study will examine the effects of medical cannabis laws on patients’ receipt of guideline-concordant non-opioid, non-cannabis treatments for chronic non-cancer pain and generate new evidence on the effects of state medical cannabis laws on adverse opioid outcomes. Results will inform the dynamic policy environment in which numerous states consider, enact, and/or amend medical cannabis laws each year.

scholarly journals The effects of opioid-agonist treatments on HIV risk and social stability: A mixed methods study of women with opioid use disorder in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hoff ◽  
Ruthanne Marcus ◽  
Martha J. Bojko ◽  
Iuliia Makarenko ◽  
Alyona Mazhnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Agonist

scholarly journals Sustaining alcohol and opioid use disorder treatment in primary care: a mixed methods study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Hunter ◽  
Allison J. Ober ◽  
Colleen M. McCullough ◽  
Erik D. Storholm ◽  
Praise O. Iyiewuare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Disorder Treatment

scholarly journals Mixed methods study of the potential therapeutic benefits from medical cannabis for patients in Florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 102669
Author(s):  
John S. Luque ◽  
Arinze Nkemdirim Okere ◽  
Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz ◽  
Paula M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

scholarly journals Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Service Provision and Telephone Counseling: A Concurrent Mixed-Methods Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6163
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Martin ◽  
Augustine W. Kang ◽  
Audrey A. DeBritz ◽  
Mary R. Walton ◽  
Ariel Hoadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Telephone Counseling ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Using quantitative and qualitative evidence, this study triangulates counselors’ perspectives on the use of telemedicine in the context of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatment. A concurrent mixed-methods design examined counselors’ experiences with telephone counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic. N = 42 counselors who provided OUD counseling services completed a close-ended, quantitative survey examining their experiences in addressing clients’ anxiety, depression, anger, substance use, therapeutic relationship, and substance use recovery using telephone counseling. The survey also assessed comfort, convenience, and satisfaction with telephone counseling. Counselors also completed open-ended responses examining satisfaction, convenience, relationship with patients, substance use, and general feedback with telephone counseling. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence indicated that a majority of counselors had positive experiences with using telephone counseling to provide services to clients undergoing OUD treatment. Convenience, greater access to clients, and flexibility were among the reasons cited for their positive experience. However, counselors also expressed that the telephone counseling was impersonal, and that some clients may have difficulties accessing appropriate technology for telehealth adoption. Findings suggest that further research with counselors is needed to identify the key elements of an effective integration of telephone counseling with traditional in-person treatment approaches in the post-pandemic era.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110063
Author(s):  
Brian King ◽  
Ruchi Patel ◽  
Andrea Rishworth
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses administered. Findings demonstrate statistically significant increases in overdose incidents among both men and women, White and Black groups, and several age groups, most notably the 30–39 and 40–49 ranges, following April 1. Significant increases were observed for overdoses involving heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analogs or other synthetic opioids, pharmaceutical opioids, and carfentanil. The study emphasizes the need for opioid use to be addressed alongside efforts to mitigate and manage COVID-19 infection.

Predicting Opioid Overdose Readmission and Opioid Use Disorder with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McDougall ◽  
Priyanka Annapureddy ◽  
Praveen Madiraju ◽  
Nicole Fumo ◽  
Stephen Hargarten
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use
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