scholarly journals The role of saline irrigation prior to wound closure in the reduction of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Ambe ◽  
Tanja Rombey ◽  
Julian-Dario Rembe ◽  
Johannes Dörner ◽  
Hubert Zirngibl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Wound Irrigation ◽  
Saline Irrigation

Abstract Background Surgical site infection (SSI) describes an infectious complication of surgical wounds. Although SSI is thought to be preventable, it still represents a major cause of morbidity and substantial economic burden on the health system. Wound irrigation (WI) might reduce the level of bacterial contamination, but current data on its role in reducing or preventing SSI is conflicting. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of WI with normal saline prior to wound closure for the reduction of SSI in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to present, and cross-checked the reference lists of all included primary studies and relevant systematic reviews. (Quasi-) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the rate of SSI when using normal saline vs. no irrigation prior to wound closure following abdominal surgery were included. Primary outcome was the rate of SSI, secondary outcome the mean length of hospital stay (LOS). Results Four RCTs including a total of 1194 patients were included for analysis. All studies compared wound irrigation with normal saline with no wound irrigation prior to wound closure. Their risk of bias was moderate. The relative risk of developing a SSI was lower when wound irrigation with normal saline was performed prior to wound closure although the effect was not statistically significant (risk ratio 0.73, 95%-confidence level: 0.37 to 1.43). Similarly, there was no difference in the LOS amongst both intervention arms. Conclusion This systematic review could not identify an advantage for routine irrigation of abdominal wounds with normal saline over no irrigation prior to wound closure in preventing or reducing the rate of SSI. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registry number CRD42018082287.

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infection After Emergency Abdominal Surgery in China: A Multicenter Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Pin Lv ◽  
Xingang Peng ◽  
Changliang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Emergency Abdominal Surgery

Abstract Background There is still a lack of relevant studies on surgical site infection (SSI) after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS) in China. This study aims to understand the status of SSI after EAS in China and discuss its risk factors. Materials and Methods All adult patients who underwent EAS in 47 hospitals in China from May 1 to 31, 2018, and from May 1 to June 7, 2019, were enrolled in this study. The basic information, perioperative data, and microbial culture results of infected incision were prospectively collected.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of SSI after EAS, and the secondary outcome variables were postoperative length of stay, ICU admission rate, ICU length of stay, 30-day postoperative mortality, and treatment costs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors.Results A total of 953 patients (age 48.8 ± 17.9 years, male 51.9%) with EAS were included in this study: 71 patients (7.5%) developed SSI after surgery.The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli (culture positive rate 29.6%). Patients with SSI had significantly longer overall hospital (p < 0.001) and ICU stays (p < 0.001), significantly higher ICU admissions (p < 0.001), and medical costs (p < 0.001) than patients without SSI.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male (P = 0.010), high blood glucose level (P < 0.001), colorectal surgery (P < 0.001), intestinal obstruction (P = 0.045) and surgical duration (P = 0.007) were risk factors for SSI, whereas laparoscopic surgery (P < 0.001 = 0.022) was a protective factor. Conclusion This study found a high incidence of SSI after EAS in China. The occurrence of SSI prolongs the patient's hospital stay and increases the medical burden. The study also revealed predictors of SSI after EAS and provides a basis for the development of norms for the prevention of surgical site infection after emergency abdominal surgery.

scholarly journals Bluebelle pilot randomised controlled trial of three wound dressing strategies to reduce surgical site infection in primary surgical wounds

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e030615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Blazeby
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveSurgical site infection (SSI) affects up to 25% of primary surgical wounds. Dressing strategies may influence SSI risk. The Bluebelle study assessed the feasibility of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different dressing strategies to reduce SSI in primary surgical wounds.DesignA pilot, factorial RCT.SettingFive UK hospitals.ParticipantsAdults undergoing abdominal surgery with a primary surgical wound.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to ‘simple dressing’, ‘glue-as-a-dressing’ or ‘no dressing’, and to the time at which the treatment allocation was disclosed to the surgeon (disclosure time, before or after wound closure).Primary and secondary outcome measuresFeasibility outcomes focused on recruitment, adherence to randomised allocations, reference assessment of SSI and response rates to participant-completed and observer-completed questionnaires to assess SSI (proposed primary outcome for main trial), wound experience and symptoms, and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L).ResultsBetween March and November 2016, 1115 patients were screened; 699 (73.4%) were eligible and approached, 415 (59.4%) consented and 394 (35.3%) were randomised (simple dressing=133, glue=129 and ‘no dressing’=132). Non-adherence to dressing allocation was 2% (3/133), 6% (8/129) and 15% (20/132), respectively. Adherence to disclosure time was 99% and 86% before and after wound closure, respectively. The overall rate of SSI (reference assessment) was 18.1% (51/281). Response rates to the Wound Healing Questionnaire and other questionnaires ranged from >90% at 4 days to 68% at 4–8 weeks.ConclusionsA definitive RCT of dressing strategies including ‘no dressing’ is feasible. Further work is needed to optimise questionnaire response rates.Trial registration number49328913; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the use of cyanoacrylate glue in addition to standard wound closure in the prevention of surgical site infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Matthew Machin ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Alex Coupland ◽  
Alun Huw Davies ◽  
Ankur Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue

scholarly journals Prospective multicenter study on the incidence of surgical site infection after emergency abdominal surgery in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Pin Lv ◽  
Xingang Peng ◽  
Changliang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Emergency Abdominal Surgery

AbstractThere is still a lack of relevant studies on surgical site infection (SSI) after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS) in China. This study aims to understand the incidence of SSI after EAS in China and discuss its risk factors. All adult patients who underwent EAS in 47 hospitals in China from May 1 to 31, 2018, and from May 1 to June 7, 2019, were enrolled in this study. The basic information, perioperative data, and microbial culture results of infected incision were prospectively collected. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of SSI after EAS, and the secondary outcome variables were postoperative length of stay, ICU admission rate, ICU length of stay, 30-day postoperative mortality, and hospitalization cost. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors. The results were expressed as the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. A total of 953 patients [age 48.8 (SD: 17.9), male 51.9%] with EAS were included in this study: 71 patients (7.5%) developed SSI after surgery. The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli (culture positive rate 29.6%). Patients with SSI had significantly longer overall hospital (p < 0.001) and ICU stays (p < 0.001), significantly higher ICU admissions (p < 0.001), and medical costs (p < 0.001) than patients without SSI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male (P = 0.010), high blood glucose level (P < 0.001), colorectal surgery (P < 0.001), intestinal obstruction (P = 0.045) and surgical duration (P = 0.007) were risk factors for SSI, whereas laparoscopic surgery (P < 0.001) was a protective factor. This study found a high incidence of SSI after EAS in China. The occurrence of SSI prolongs the patient's hospital stay and increases the medical burden. The study also revealed predictors of SSI after EAS and provides a basis for the development of norms for the prevention of surgical site infection after emergency abdominal surgery.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preoperative Antisepsis with Combination Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. e70-e77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Davies ◽  
Hiren Patel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Operative Site ◽  
Definitive Method

Importance Effective preoperative antisepsis is recognized to prevent surgical site infection (SSI), although the definitive method is unclear. Many have compared chlorhexidine (CHG) with povidone-iodine (PVI), but there is emerging evidence for combination usage. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate if combination skin preparation (1) reduces colonization at the operative site and (2) prevents SSI compared with single-agent use. Data Sources A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Clinical Trials was performed. Study Selection Comparative, human trials considering the combination use of CHG and PVI, as preoperative antisepsis, to single-agent CHG or PVI use were included. Studies were excluded from meta-analysis if the use or absence of alcohol was inconsistent between study arms. Data Extraction and Synthesis The study was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome for meta-analysis was surgical site infection. The secondary outcome was colonization at the operative site. Results Eighteen publications with a combination of CHG and PVI use were identified. Of these, 12/14 inferred promise for combination usage, including four trials eligible for meta-analysis. Only one trial reported SSI as its outcome. The remaining three considered bacterial colonization. Combination preparation had a pooled odds ratio for complete decolonization of 5.62 (95% confidence interval 3.2 to 9.7, p < 0.00001). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q 2.1, 2 df, p = 0.35). Conclusions and Relevance There is emerging, albeit low-quality, evidence in favor of combination CHG and PVI preoperative antisepsis. Further rigorous investigation is indicated.

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