scholarly journals A focus on allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells as a versatile therapeutic tool for treating multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Shokati ◽  
Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi ◽  
Mohsen Nikbakht ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Seyed Asadollah Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Ms Therapy

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) chronic illness with autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative effects characterized by neurological disorder and axonal loss signs due to myelin sheath autoimmune T cell attacks. Existing drugs, including disease-modifying drugs (DMD), help decrease the intensity and frequency of MS attacks, inflammatory conditions, and CNS protection from axonal damage. As they cannot improve axonal repair and show side effects, new therapeutic options are required. In this regard, due to their neuroprotection properties, immunomodulatory effects, and the ability to differentiate into neurons, the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used for MS therapy. The use of adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) or autologous bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) has demonstrated unexpected effects including the invasive and painful isolation method, inadequate amounts of bone marrow (BM) stem cells, the anti-inflammatory impact reduction of AdMSCs that are isolated from fat patients, and the cell number and differentiation potential decrease with an increase in the age of BMSCs donor. Researchers have been trying to search for alternate tissue sources for MSCs, especially fetal annexes, which could offer a novel therapeutic choice for MS therapy due to the limitation of low cell yield and invasive collection methods of autologous MSCs. The transplantation of MSCs for MS treatment is discussed in this review. Finally, it is suggested that allogeneic sources of MSCs are an appealing alternative to autologous MSCs and could hence be a potential novel solution to MS therapy.

scholarly journals Expansion and characterization of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells in serum-free conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samatha Bhat ◽  
Pachaiyappan Viswanathan ◽  
Shashank Chandanala ◽  
S. Jyothi Prasanna ◽  
Raviraja N. Seetharam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Population Doubling Time ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Free Media

AbstractBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are gaining increasing importance in the field of regenerative medicine. Although therapeutic value of MSCs is now being established through many clinical trials, issues have been raised regarding their expansion as per regulatory guidelines. Fetal bovine serum usage in cell therapy poses difficulties due to its less-defined, highly variable composition and safety issues. Hence, there is a need for transition from serum-based to serum-free media (SFM). Since SFM are cell type-specific, a precise analysis of the properties of MSCs cultured in SFM is required to determine the most suitable one. Six different commercially available low serum/SFM with two different seeding densities were evaluated to explore their ability to support the growth and expansion of BM-MSCs and assess the characteristics of BM-MSCs cultured in these media. Except for one of the SFM, all other media tested supported the growth of BM-MSCs at a low seeding density. No significant differences were observed in the expression of MSC specific markers among the various media tested. In contrary, the population doubling time, cell yield, potency, colony-forming ability, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive properties of MSCs varied with one another. We show that SFM tested supports the growth and expansion of BM-MSCs even at low seeding density and may serve as possible replacement for animal-derived serum.

Use of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage repair clinical trials

Cytotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. S45
Author(s):  
P. Law ◽  
L. Wong ◽  
F. Wong ◽  
S. Tan ◽  
Y. Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Autologous Bone

scholarly journals Culture and characterization of various porcine integumentary-connective tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to facilitate tissue adhesion to percutaneous metal implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaveena Dey ◽  
Nicholas G. Fischer ◽  
Andrea H. Dragon ◽  
Elsa Ronzier ◽  
Isha Mutreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Abstract Background Transdermal osseointegrated prosthesis have relatively high infection rates leading to implant revision or failure. A principle cause for this complication is the absence of a durable impervious biomechanical seal at the interface of the hard structure (implant) and adjacent soft tissues. This study explores the possibility of recapitulating an analogous cellular musculoskeletal-connective tissue interface, which is present at naturally occurring integumentary tissues where a hard structure exits the skin, such as the nail bed, hoof, and tooth. Methods Porcine mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) were derived from nine different porcine integumentary and connective tissues: hoof-associated superficial flexor tendon, molar-associated periodontal ligament, Achilles tendon, adipose tissue and skin dermis from the hind limb and abdominal regions, bone marrow and muscle. For all nine pMSCs, the phenotype, multi-lineage differentiation potential and their adhesiveness to clinical grade titanium was characterized. Transcriptomic analysis of 11 common genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins VIM (Vimentin), cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion genes (Vinculin, Integrin β1, Integrin β2, CD9, CD151), and for ECM genes (Collagen-1a1, Collagen-4a1, Fibronectin, Laminin-α5, Contactin-3) in early passaged cells was performed using qRT-PCR. Results All tissue-derived pMSCs were characterized as mesenchymal origin by adherence to plastic, expression of cell surface markers including CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105, and lack of hematopoietic (CD11b) and endothelial (CD31) markers. All pMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, albeit at varying degrees, under specific culture conditions. Among the eleven adhesion genes evaluated, the cytoskeletal intermediate filament vimentin was found highly expressed in pMSC isolated from all tissues, followed by genes for the extracellular matrix proteins Fibronectin and Collagen-1a1. Expression of Vimentin was the highest in Achilles tendon, while Fibronectin and Col1agen-1a1 were highest in molar and hoof-associated superficial flexor tendon bone marrow, respectively. Achilles tendon ranked the highest in both multilineage differentiation and adhesion assessments to titanium metal. Conclusions These findings support further preclinical research of these tissue specific-derived MSCs in vivo in a transdermal osseointegration implant model.

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