scholarly journals Revisiting Samuelson’s models, linear and nonlinear, stability conditions and oscillating dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Tramontana ◽  
Laura Gardini
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Order Difference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Order Difference Equation ◽  
Order Difference Equation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Range Of Values

AbstractIn this work, we reconsider the dynamics of a few versions of the classical Samuelson’s multiplier–accelerator model for national economy. First we recall that the classical one with constant governmental expenditure, represented by a linear second-order difference equation, is able to generate oscillations converging to the equilibrium for a wide range of values of the parameters, and give its analytic solution for all the possible cases. A delayed version proposed in the recent literature, represented by a linear third-order difference equation, is also considered. We show that also this model is able to produce converging oscillations, and give a complete analysis of the stability region of the equilibrium. A new simple nonlinear model is proposed, showing that it keeps oscillatory behavior, although coupled with other dynamics related to global effects. Our analysis confirms that the seminal work of Samuelson and simple modifications of it, may give powerful tools in the study of the business cycles.

scholarly journals Revisiting Samuelson's Models, Linear and Nonlinear, Stability Conditions and Oscillating Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio TRAMONTANA ◽  
Laura Gardini
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Order Difference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Order Difference Equation ◽  
Order Difference Equation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Range Of Values

Abstract In this work we reconsider the dynamics of a few versions of the classical Samuelson's multiplier- accelerator model for national economy. First we recall that the classical one with constant governmental expenditure, represented by a linear second-order difference equation, is able to generate oscillations con- verging to the equilibrium for a wide range of values of the parameters, and give its analytic solution for all the possible cases. A delayed version proposed in the recent literature, represented by a linear third-order di¤erence equation, is also considered. We show that also this model is able to produce converging oscilla- tions, and give a complete analysis of the stability region of the equilibrium. A new simple nonlinear model is proposed, showing that it keeps oscillatory behavior, although coupled with other dynamics related to global effects. Our analysis confirms that the seminal work of Samuelson and simple modifications of it, may give powerful tools in the study of the business cycles.

scholarly journals Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theory and Symmetries for a Polynomial Quadratic Second Order Difference Equation

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Tarek F. Ibrahim ◽  
Zehra Nurkanović
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Kam Theory ◽  
Order Difference ◽  
Second Order Difference Equation ◽  
Elliptic Equilibrium ◽  
Order Difference Equation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Theoretical Results

By using the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory, we investigate the stability of two elliptic equilibrium points (zero equilibrium and negative equilibrium) of the difference equation t n + 1 = α t n + β t n 2 − t n − 1 , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , where are t − 1 , t 0 , α ∈ R , α ≠ 0 , β > 0 . By using the symmetries we find the periodic solutions with some periods. Finally, some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical results.

scholarly journals Sharp Lyapunov-type inequalities for second-order half-linear difference equations with different kinds of boundary conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stegliński
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Difference Equations ◽  
Periodic Boundary ◽  
Periodic Boundary Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Linear Difference Equations ◽  
Order Difference ◽  
Second Order Difference Equation ◽  
Order Difference Equation

AbstractIn this work, we establish optimal Lyapunov-type inequalities for the second-order difference equation with p-Laplacian $$\begin{aligned} \Delta (\left| \Delta u(k-1)\right| ^{p-2}\Delta u(k-1))+a(k)\left| u(k)\right| ^{p-2}u(k)=0 \end{aligned}$$ Δ ( Δ u ( k - 1 ) p - 2 Δ u ( k - 1 ) ) + a ( k ) u ( k ) p - 2 u ( k ) = 0 with Dirichlet, Neumann, mixed, periodic and anti-periodic boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Boundedness of solutions and stability of certain second-order difference equation with quadratic term

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Bešo ◽  
Senada Kalabušić ◽  
Naida Mujić ◽  
Esmir Pilav
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Order Difference ◽  
Second Order Difference Equation ◽  
Order Difference Equation ◽  
Rational Difference Equation

AbstractWe consider the second-order rational difference equation $$ {x_{n+1}=\gamma +\delta \frac{x_{n}}{x^{2}_{n-1}}}, $$xn+1=γ+δxnxn−12, where γ, δ are positive real numbers and the initial conditions $x_{-1}$x−1 and $x_{0}$x0 are positive real numbers. Boundedness along with global attractivity and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation results are established. Furthermore, we give an asymptotic approximation of the invariant curve near the equilibrium point.

scholarly journals The global behavior of a quadratic difference equation

Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 6203-6210
Author(s):  
Vahidin Hadziabdic ◽  
Midhat Mehuljic ◽  
Jasmin Bektesevic ◽  
Naida Mujic
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Julia Set ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Global Behavior ◽  
Order Difference ◽  
Second Order Difference Equation ◽  
Order Difference Equation

In this paper we will present the Julia set and the global behavior of a quadratic second order difference equation of type xn+1 = axnxn-1 + ax2n-1 + bxn-1 where a > 0 and 0 ? b < 1 with non-negative initial conditions.

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