Architectural and functional classification of smart grid solutions

Abstract Historically, the power distribution grid was a passive system with limited control capabilities. Due to its increasing digitalization, this paradigm has shifted: the passive architecture of the power system itself, which includes cables, lines, and transformers, is extended by a communication infrastructure to become an active distribution grid. This transformation to an active system results from control capabilities that combine the communication and the physical components of the grid. It aims at optimizing, securing, enhancing, or facilitating the power system operation. The combination of power system, communication, and control capabilities is also referred to as a “smart grid”. A multitude of different architectures exist to realize such integrated systems. They are often labeled with descriptive terms such as “distributed,” “decentralized,” “local,” or “central." However, the actual meaning of these terms varies considerably within the research community.This paper illustrates the conflicting uses of prominent classification terms for the description of smart grid architectures. One source of this inconsistency is that the development of such interconnected systems is not only in the hands of classic power engineering but requires input from neighboring research disciplines such as control theory and automation, information and telecommunication technology, and electronics. This impedes a clear classification of smart grid solutions. Furthermore, this paper proposes a set of well-defined operation architectures specialized for use in power systems. Based on these architectures, this paper defines clear classifiers for the assessment of smart grid solutions. This allows the structural classification and comparison between different smart grid solutions and promotes a mutual understanding between the research disciplines. This paper presents revised parts of Chapters 4.2 and 5.2 of the dissertation of Drayer (Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids with Distributed-Hierarchical Architecture. Energy Management and Power System Operation, vol. 6, 2018).

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Optimization of Hybrid Power System Operation

Solar Energy ◽

10.1115/isec2004-65052 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Kendra Tupper ◽

Rob Jensen ◽

Joe Cloyd ◽

Rob Wills ◽

Charles Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Cost Effective ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation ◽

Hybrid Power System ◽

Hybrid Power ◽

Load Following ◽

The Cost

In developing countries, half of the world’s population lives without electric power. Hybrid power systems, consisting of photovoltaic (PV) modules, battery banks, and backup diesel generators, have the potential to become a cost-effective solution for delivering power to many of these remote villages where grid extension is cost-prohibitive. In this paper, we show that improved dispatch strategies can significantly decrease the cost of a hybrid power system. We propose using a genetic algorithm (GA) in combination with novel load and insolation predictive strategies to reduce the operating costs over the present state-of-the-art methods. Realistic simulations demonstrate that this technique provides an average cost savings of 20.9% over the Set Point Strategy and 13.8% over the Load Following Strategy. We show that this strategy is a viable means of reducing the cost of hybrid power system operation.

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Integrated retail and wholesale power system operation with smart-grid functionality

IEEE PES General Meeting ◽

10.1109/pes.2010.5589594 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dionysios Aliprantis ◽

Scott Penick ◽

Leigh Tesfatsion ◽

Huan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power System ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation

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Smart Grid Technology for Efficient and Reliable Power System Operation and Control

INROADS- An International Journal of Jaipur National University ◽

10.5958/2277-4912.2016.00050.3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1s) ◽

pp. 260

Author(s):

Souvik Kumar Dolui ◽

Soumitra Kumar Mandal

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power System ◽

Grid Technology ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation ◽

And Control ◽

Smart Grid Technology

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Collaborative Optimization of Post-Disaster Damage Repair and Power System Operation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11102611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2611 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Han Zhang ◽

Gengfeng Li ◽

Hanjie Yuan

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Collaborative Optimization ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation ◽

Power System Restoration ◽

Damage Repair ◽

Proposed Model ◽

System Restoration ◽

Post Disaster

After disasters, enhancing the resilience of power systems and restoring power systems rapidly can effectively reduce the economy damage and bad social impacts. Reasonable post-disaster restoration strategies are the most critical part of power system restoration work. This paper co-optimizes post-disaster damage repair and power system operation together to formulate the optimal repair route, the unit output and transmission switching plan. The power outage loss will be minimized, with possible small expense of damage repair and power system operation cost. The co-optimization model is formulated as a mixed integer second order cone program (MISOCP), while the AC-power-flow model, the complex power system restoration constraints and the changing processes of component available states are synthetically considered to make the model more realistic. Lagrange relaxation (LR) decomposes the model into the damage repair routing sub problem and the power system operation sub problem, which can be solved iteratively. An acceleration strategy is used to improve the solving efficiency. The proposed model and algorithm are validated by the IEEE 57-bus test system and the results indicate that the proposed model can realize the enhancement of resilience and the economic restoration of post-disaster power systems.

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Classification of power system operation point using rough set techniques

1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Information Intelligence and Systems (Cat. No.96CH35929) ◽

10.1109/icsmc.1996.565401 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. Lambert-Torres ◽

A.P.A. da Silva ◽

V.H. Quintana ◽

L.E.B. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Rough Set ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation

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Modeling Load Redistribution Attacks in Power Systems

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ◽

10.1109/tsg.2011.2123925 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 382-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 228

Author(s):

Yanling Yuan ◽

Zuyi Li ◽

Kui Ren

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

State Estimation ◽

System Operation ◽

Effect Analysis ◽

Power System Operation ◽

Control Center ◽

False Data Injection ◽

Load Redistribution ◽

Injection Attacks

State estimation is a key element in today's power systems for reliable system operation and control. State estimation collects information from a large number of meter measurements and analyzes it in a centralized manner at the control center. Existing state estimation approaches were traditionally assumed to be able to tolerate and detect random bad measurements. They were, however, recently shown to be vulnerable to intentional false data injection attacks. This paper fully develops the concept of load redistribution (LR) attacks, a special type of false data injection attacks, and analyzes their damage to power system operation in different time steps with different attacking resource limitations. Based on damaging effect analysis, we differentiate two attacking goals from the adversary's perspective, i.e., immediate attacking goal and delayed attacking goal. For the immediate attacking goal, this paper identifies the most damaging LR attack through a max-min attacker-defender model. Then, the criterion of determining effective protection strategies is explained. The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested on a 14-bus system. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first work of its kind, which quantitatively analyzes the damage of the false data injection attacks to power system operation and security. Our analysis hence provides an in-depth insight on effective attack prevention with limited protection resource budget.

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Implementation effects of economics and market operations based model for traditionally integrated power systems

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1247-1255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 1247

Author(s):

Youssef Mobarak ◽

Nithiyananthan Kannan ◽

Fahd Alharbi ◽

Faisal Albatati

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Optimal Power Flow ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation ◽

Economic Operation ◽

Generation Cost ◽

Integrated Power Systems

The main objective of this paper is to introduce power system economic operations in traditionally integrated power systems and market operations in deregulated power systems and study its effects. The power system economic operation is mathematically treated as an optimization problem. Also, a function of economic operation is to minimize generation cost, transmission losses, and so on, subject to power system operation constraints. In this paper, we start from generation cost formulations and introduce traditional economic dispatch model, optimal power flow model, and unit commitment model. With the deregulation of the power industry, integrated power system is unbundled to generation, transmission, and distribution. Electricity is traded in the wholesale market. Small customers purchase energy from electricity retailers through the retail market. The electricity market is operated for energy trading while satisfying power system operation requirements. Electricity market is mathematically modelled as an optimization problem that is subject to power system operation constraints and market operation constraints.

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Power system operation considering detailed modelling of energy storage systems

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp182-200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Sergio Cantillo ◽

Ricardo Moreno

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Peak Load ◽

Energy Storage Systems ◽

System Operation ◽

Power System Operation ◽

Renewable Power ◽

And Storage

The power system operation considering energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable power represents a challenge. In a 24-hour economic dispatch, the generation resources are dispatched to meet demand requirements considering network restrictions. The uncertainty and unpredictability associated with renewable resources and storage systems represents challenges for power system operation due to operational and economical restrictions. This paper develops a detailed formulation to model energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable sources for power system operation considering 24-hour period. The model is formulated and evaluated with two different power systems (i.e. 5-bus and IEEE modified 24-bus systems). Wind availability patterns and scenarios are used to assess the ESS performance under different operational circumstances. With regard to the systems proposed, there are scenarios in order to evaluate ESS performance. In one of them, the increase in capacity did not represent significant savings or performance for the system, while in the other it was quite the opposite especially during peak load periods.

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