scholarly journals Modulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic capacity by feeding diets with processed black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meals and fractions

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabodha Weththasinghe ◽  
Sérgio D. C. Rocha ◽  
Ove Øyås ◽  
Leidy Lagos ◽  
Jon Ø. Hansen ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is a promising insect species to use as a novel ingredient in fish feeds. Black soldier fly larvae consists of three major fractions, namely protein, lipid, and exoskeleton. These fractions contain bioactive compounds that can modulate the gut microbiota in fish such as antimicrobial peptides, lauric acid, and chitin. However, it is not certain how, or which fractions of black solider fly would affect gut microbiota in fish. In the present study, black soldier fly larvae were processed into three different meals (full-fat, defatted and de-chitinized) and two fractions (oil and exoskeleton), and included in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Atlantic salmon pre-smolts were fed with these diets in comparison with a commercial-like control diet for eight weeks to investigate the effects of insect meals and fractions on the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota. The gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the predicted metabolic capacities of gut microbiota were determined using genome-scale metabolic models. Results The inclusion of insect meals and fractions decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and increased abundance of Firmicutes in salmon gut. The diets that contained insect chitin, i.e., insect meals or exoskeleton diets, increased abundance of chitinolytic bacteria including lactic acid bacteria and Actinomyces in salmon gut, with fish fed full-fat meal diet showing the highest abundances. The diets that contained insect lipids, i.e., insect meals and oil diets enriched Bacillaceae in fish gut. The fish fed diets containing full-fat insect meal had a unique gut microbiota composition dominated by beneficial lactic acid bacteria and Actinomyces, and showed a predicted increase in mucin degradation compared to the other diets. Conclusions The present results showed that the dietary inclusion of insect meals and fractions can differently modulate the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon pre-smolts. The use of full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal in diets for salmon is more favorable for beneficial modulation of gut microbiota than larvae processed by separation of lipid or exoskeleton fractions.

Aquaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 734978 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Fisher ◽  
S.A. Collins ◽  
C. Hanson ◽  
B. Mason ◽  
S.M. Colombo ◽  
...  

Aquaculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Belghit ◽  
Nina S. Liland ◽  
Petter Gjesdal ◽  
Irene Biancarosa ◽  
Elisa Menchetti ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Catalán ◽  
Alejandro Villasante ◽  
Jurij Wacyk ◽  
Carolina Ramírez ◽  
Jaime Romero

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Gold ◽  
Fabienne von Allmen ◽  
Christian Zurbrügg ◽  
Jibin Zhang ◽  
Alexander Mathys

Significant economic, environmental, and social impacts are associated with the avoidable disposal of foods worldwide. Mass-rearing of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae using organic wastes and food- and agro-industry side products is promising for recycling resources within the food system. One current challenge of this approach is ensuring a reliable and high conversion performance of larvae with inherently variable substrates. Research has been devoted to increasing rearing performance by optimizing substrate nutrient contents and ratios, while the potential of the substrate and larval gut microbiota to increase rearing performance remains untapped. Since previous research has focused on gut microbiota, here, we describe bacterial dynamics in the residue (i.e., the mixture of frass and substrate) of black soldier fly larvae reared on two food wastes (i.e., canteen and household waste). To identify members of the substrate and residue microbiota, potentially associated with rearing performance, bacterial dynamics were also studied in the canteen waste without larvae, and after inactivation by irradiation of the initial microbiota in canteen waste. The food waste substrates had similar microbiota; both were dominated by common lactic acid bacteria. Inactivation of the canteen waste microbiota, which was dominated by Leuconostoc, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus, decreased the levels of all rearing performance indicators by 31–46% relative to canteen waste with the native microbiota. In both food waste substrates, larval rearing decreased the bacterial richness and changed the physicochemical residue properties and composition over the rearing period of 12 days, and typical members of the larval intestinal microbiota (i.e., Providencia, Dysgonomonas, Morganella, and Proteus) became more abundant, suggesting their transfer into the residue through excretions. Future studies should isolate members of these taxa and elucidate their true potential to influence black soldier fly mass-rearing performance.


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