scholarly journals Can a combination of two neuropsychological tests screen for mild neurocognitive disorder better than each test alone? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Mohamed Sabry ELbedewy ◽  
Mohamed ELOKL
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Test ◽  
Animal Category ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Background Early symptoms of dementia may not be apparent and are sometimes even concealed during short office visits initiated for other complaints. The aim of the study is to find out if the combined use of VF/CDT, VF/BNT, or CDT/BNT could improve the accuracy of detecting mild NCD in an outpatient setting, compared with either test used alone. Participants Community-dwelling older adults, attending the outpatient Geriatrics Clinic at Ain Shams University hospitals between June 1, 2017 and January 31, 2018. All participants received a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) which included the mini-mental state examination test. Participants with a score of less than 24 and fulfil DSM5 criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD) are considered cognitively impaired otherwise are considered normal. Then participants were further examined by the Arabic versions of CDT, BNT, and VF animal category. Results We recruited 143 male and female participants mean age 67.17 ± 5.41, females are 56.6%, and 48.9% of all participants have mild NCD according to DSM5 criteria. AUC for individual neurocognitive tests in illiterates is 0.893 for clock drawing test, 0.907 for verbal fluency animal category, and 0.904 for Boston naming test, while AUC for neurocognitive test combinations in illiterates is 0.932 for VF + CDT, 0.917 for VF + BNT, and 0.932 for BNT + CDT. On the other hand, AUC for individual neurocognitive tests in educated participants is 0.925 for clock drawing test, 0.921 for verbal fluency animal category, and 0.907 for Boston naming test, whereas AUC for neurocognitive test combinations in educated participants is 0.958 for VF + CDT, 0.963 for VF + BNT, and 0.953 for BNT + CDT. Conclusion From the current study, we can conclude that any of the studied combinations have better diagnostic accuracy (although small) than individual test in both literate and illiterate older adults.

scholarly journals Distinguishing Depressive Pseudodementia from Alzheimer Disease: A Comparative Study of Hippocampal Volumetry and Cognitive Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevki Sahin ◽  
Tugba Okluoglu Önal ◽  
Nilgun Cinar ◽  
Meral Bozdemir ◽  
Rahmi Çubuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Naming Test

Background and Aim: Depressive pseudodementia (DPD) is a condition which may develop secondary to depression. The aim of this study was to contribute to the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer disease (AD) and DPD by comparing the neurocognitive tests and hippocampal volume. Materials and Methods: Patients who met criteria of AD/DPD were enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), clock-drawing test, Stroop test, Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT), Boston Naming Test, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Hippocampal volume was measured by importing the coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance images to the Vitrea 2 workstation. Results: A significant difference was found between the AD and DPD groups on the WMS test, clock-drawing test, Stroop test, Boston Naming Test, MMSE, GDS, and left hippocampal volume. A significant correlation between BFRT and bilateral hippocampal volumes was found in the AD group. No correlation was found among parameters in DPD patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that evaluation of facial recognition and left hippocampal volume may provide more reliable evidence for distinguishing DPD from AD. Further investigations combined with functional imaging techniques including more patients are needed.

scholarly journals Is the Mini-Mental State Examination the best cognitive screening test for less educated people?

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Scarabelot ◽  
Mariane de Moraes Monteiro ◽  
Mauren Carneiro da Silva Rubert ◽  
Viviane de Hiroki Flumignan Zetola
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Fluency Test

ABSTRACT Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results are strongly influenced by educational level. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is an alternative assessment tool that provides more accurate results in individuals with less education. Objective: Our aim was to compare the MMSE and BCSB as screening tests. Methods: The MMSE and BCSB were assessed in 112 participants by two evaluators blind to the other test's result. Participants were classified according to their level of education. The influence of education level was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests. Results: Scores of the MMSE (p < 0.0001) and the clock-drawing test (p < 0.0001) were influenced by education level but the delayed recall test score was not (p = 0.0804). The verbal fluency test (p = 0.00035) was influenced only by higher educational levels. It took three minutes less to apply the MMSE than to apply the BCSB (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the delayed recall test and the verbal fluency test of the BCSB are better than the MMSE and clock-drawing test as tools for evaluating cognition in people with limited education.

scholarly journals Cognitive deficits in chronic pain patients, in a brief screening test, are independent of comorbidities and medication use

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Gabriela Zucatto Oliver ◽  
Débora Carinhato Thomaz ◽  
Caroliny Trevisan Teixeira ◽  
Maria Paula Foss
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Verbal Fluency Test ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Brief Screening ◽  
Fluency Test

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and analyze cognitive aspects in patients with chronic pain and a control group without pain. Method A case-control study was conducted on 45 patients with chronic pain and on 45 control subjects. Data including pain diagnosis, comorbidities and medication used, were evaluated. Cognitive tests, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Verbal Fluency Test, Clock Drawing Test and Stroop Test, were applied. Results Patients with chronic pain showed a poorer performance, as shown by the scores of the MoCA test (p < 0.002), Verbal Fluency Test (p < 0.001), Clock Drawing Test (p = 0.022) and Stroop Test (p < 0.000). Chronic pain variable (p = 0.015, linear regression model) was an independent factor for results obtained with the MoCA. Conclusion Patients with chronic pain showed a poorer performance in a brief screening test for cognitive impairment not related to confounding variables, as comorbidities and pain-medication use.

Differentiating illiteracy from Alzheimer's disease by using neuropsychological assessments

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hae Youn ◽  
Maryse Siksou ◽  
R. Scott Mackin ◽  
Jung-Seok Choi ◽  
Jeanyung Chey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Naming Test

ABSTRACTBackground: In Asia, where illiteracy rates are high, determining the degree to which neuropsychological measures can be used to identify cognitive impairment in illiterate elders is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using formal neuropsychological assessments to distinguish healthy illiterate elders from dementia patients.Methods: We compared the cognitive performance of healthy elders who were illiterate (illiterate NC, n = 25) with those who were literate (literate NC, n = 25), literate patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (literate AD, n = 25), and illiterate patients with mild AD (illiterate AD, n = 25). Neuropsychological measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the verbal fluency test, the Boston naming test, the Rosen drawing test, and the verbal learning test.Results: In the between-group analyses, the scores on all tests, except verbal fluency and recognition memory, were lower for illiterate NC compared to the literate NC. The scores on the MMSE, Boston naming test, Rosen drawing test, and immediate free recall could not distinguish the illiterate NC from literate AD. However, the scores on all tests, except the Rosen drawing test, could distinguish illiterate NC from illiterate AD. ROC analyses showed the same pattern of results. In addition, age-, sex-, and education-matched cut-off scores of all tests, except immediate recall and delayed recall trials of the verbal learning test, showed good specificities in participants who were illiterate compared to those in participants who were literate.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the impact of literacy on neuropsychological test performance is an important aspect of cognitive evaluations for elders who are illiterate.

scholarly journals C-34 An Investigation into the Multicultural Properties of the Clock Drawing Test: Findings from a Russian-speaking Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1063
Author(s):  
N Coolbrith ◽  
D Gold ◽  
R Cobb ◽  
I Piryatinksy
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
English Speaking

Abstract Objective The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a screening instrument for cognitive impairment known for its quick and easy administration style. Studies have examined if different qualitative errors on the CDT discriminate cognitive impairment from normal aging. Moreover, current research has investigated qualitative errors on the CDT in various populations (i.e. Brazil, Japan, Korea). To the best of the authors’ knowledge however, there has been no previous research on qualitative errors seen on the CDT within Russian-speaking populations. To address this gap, the present study examined qualitative errors committed on the CDT by native Russian-speakers compared to English-speaking counterparts. Method Data was retrospectively collected from a sample comprised of 13 Russian-speaking immigrants and 29 English-speakers. All participants were seen for neuropsychological testing at an outpatient clinic in eastern Massachusetts and diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder. Results Contingency analysis revealed no significant differences in qualitative errors when comparing Russian-speakers with major neurocognitive disorder to English-speakers diagnosed with the same. Conclusions Due to similar frequencies of qualitative errors between these groups, these results suggest that the CDT may have broad utility for assessing gross cognitive functioning regardless of a patient’s native language or cultural background.

scholarly journals Validation of the Clock Drawing Test Scoring Method in older adults with neurocognitive disorder

Salud Mental ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Sara G Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
◽  
Alberto J Mimenza-Alvarado ◽  
María A Samudio-Cruz ◽  
Francisco J Hernández-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

Introduction. The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a widely used instrument for identifying neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in older adults. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the best scoring method, since current quantitative methods involve the assignment of numerical values, while qualitative ones do not allow for objectivity in the diagnosis. Parsey and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2011) proposed a scoring scheme which, in addition to providing a score of the patient’s performance, permits error analysis, thereby making it possible to identify potential underlying cognitive difficulties. Objective. The purpose of this study was to validate the CDT scoring scheme proposed by Parsey and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2011) for screening for NCDs in Mexican older adults. Method. There were 167 participants: 58 cognitively healthy subjects (CH), 52 with mild neurocognitive disorder (mild-NCD), and 57 with major neurocognitive disorder (major-NCD).The CDT scoring method was compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish (MoCA-S). Inter- and intra-observer reliability and construct validity were determined and the sensitivity and specificity of this method were calculated. Results. The  age was 75 years (SD ± 8 years) and the  educational attainment was 10.7 years (SD ± 5.2 years). Internal reliability was .750, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .774. The cut-off point for the CDT in mild-NCD was 14 points (sensitivity: 40%, specificity: 70%) and 12 points for major-NCD (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 95%).The most frequent errors in the CDT were: graphic, conceptual, spatial, and/or planning difficulties. Discussion and conclusion. This method makes it possibly to quickly and easily explore the cognitive status of the patient. It contains ideal psychometric properties for the detection of patients with major-NCD, in addition to offering the possibility of analyzing performance errors and underlying cognitive difficulties.

scholarly journals Effects of cerebral gymnastics in cognition and subjective welfare of institutionalized elderly people

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Viana Santos ◽  
Alex de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Luciana Crepaldi Lunkes
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

Abstract Introduction: With the increasing number of elderly people, greater care is required for this population, and zeal for health and quality of life becomes an important goal in healthy aging. Elderly people can achieve excellent results involving cognitive training based on brain plasticity. Objective: To verify the effectiveness of cerebral gymnastics in the cognitive state and well-being of institutionalized elderly women. Method: Clinical trial performed with nine institutionalized elderly women, mean age of 80.2 years old (± 9.1). The Subjective Well-being Scale and tests (clock, verbal fluency, figure recognition) were administered before and after ten weeks of the exercise program (eight exercises performed in two weekly meetings, involving figures, words and objects). The data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by Student t tests for analysis of SWB and Wilcoxon for analysis of figure recognition, clock-drawing test and verbal fluency. Results: Significant improvement in the incidental and immediate memory 1 and 2 (p = 0.007), verbal fluency (p = 0.011, p = 0.025 and p = 0.007) and the clock-drawing test (p value = 0.046). No significant results were found for SWB (p = 0.357 and p = 0.389). Conclusion: Brain gymnastics beneficially modified cognitive performance. Well-being did not show significant improvements.

scholarly journals A-64 * Standardization Project of Clock Drawing Test and Phonemic Verbal Fluency in Puerto Rican Adults Aged 50 to 90 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ortiz-Blanco ◽  
N. Torres-Garcia ◽  
M. Laureano ◽  
M. Neris-Rodriguez ◽  
M. Diaz-Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Phonemic Verbal Fluency
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document