Analysis of Child Marriage and Related Policies in Indonesia: Sustainable Development Issue

Child marriage is a prevalent social problem in developing countries, including Indonesia, and its implementation has been prohibited in all regions of Indonesia. The revision of the marriage law that lifts up the minimum age limit for child marriage and the implementation of the child protection policy does not inevitably guarantee that the practice of child marriage can be avoided. The research objective of this study was to analyze the success of the factors and the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on handling the practice of child marriage in achieving sustainable goals in Indonesia. Data collection was performed using a profile approach utilizing data from the National Development Planning Agency of 2016-2019, desk review of the literature, and stock-taking of relevant research studies. Moreover, the effectiveness of policy implementation is assessed using a contingency analysis of the factors of policy commitment and government capacity. The results showed that the effectiveness of policy implementation from the factor of policy commitment was performed through the integration of the goals of SDGs into the national strategy for preventing child marriage, enforcement of main policy changes, mapping of regional-based issue trends and root causes, mapping of regional-level derivative policies issued before main policy revision changes, harmonization and synchronization of various policies through derivative policies, planning and development at the regional and village levels. Adjustment in the factor of implementation capacity of policy is indicated by institutional convergence and synergy of various parties, including learning from various good practices in the regions. The contingency matrix-based policy application model for handling the practice of child marriage will be effective if it utilizes a progressive model.

Power system analysis and integration of the proposed Nigerian 750-kV power line to the grid reliability

The present situation of power generation in Nigeria obviously represents a challenge to our ability for rethinking the delivery of energy at maximum efficiency. Previous research on the existing Nigerian 330-kV network grid, recommended that the network be transformed from radial to ring because of high losses inherent in it and the voltage insecurity. In this study, the existing 330-kV network was reconfigured based on the identified regions mapped out for upgrade to form a ringed 750-kV super grid. The bus voltages of some of the buses in the existing 330-kV were upgraded to 750-kV and new transmission lines added to create an integrated super grid with a ring structure as compared to the radial nature of the existing 330-kV grid. These proposed buses have been selected for upgrade based on the fact that they are positioned in critical areas within the topology of the grid that transforms the existing radial structure to a ring one. The method is also cheaper than making the entire network a 750-kV system. Load-flow analysis was carried out on the existing 330-kV Nigerian Grid and the proposed Nigerian 750-kV integrated into the existing grid using Newton–Raphson algorithm. The results analysis of the new network revealed a significant reduction of 30.2% power loss. This was validated using the code-based MATLAB and Power World Simulation model-based software. Contingency analysis was also carried out on both grids using the Power World Simulator. The study revealed that the 750-kV super grid was able to mitigate the losses experienced on the existing grid significantly with better voltage profiles in all the buses. It also revealed that the new network (330-kV and 750-kV integrated) performed better to the single line contingency analysis with less violations occurring and no unsolvable cases.

Academic vs. Biological Age in Research on Academic Careers: A Large-scale Study with Implications for Scientifically Developing Systems

Biological age is an important sociodemographic factor in studies on academic careers (research productivity, scholarly impact, and collaboration patterns). It is assumed that the academic age, or the time elapsed from the first publication, is a good proxy for biological age. In this study, we analyze the limitations of the proxy in academic career studies, using as an example the entire population of Polish academic scientists visible in the last decade in global science and holding at least a PhD (N = 20,569). The proxy works well for science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) disciplines; however, for non-STEMM disciplines (particularly for humanities and social sciences), it has a dramatically worse performance. This negative conclusion is particularly important for systems that have only become recently visible in global academic journals. The micro-level data suggest a delayed participation of social scientists and humanists in global science networks, with practical implications for predicting biological age from academic age. We calculate correlation coefficients, present contingency analysis of academic career stages with academic positions and age groups, and create a linear multivariate regression model. Our research suggests that in scientifically developing countries, academic age as a proxy for biological age must be used more cautiously than in advanced countries: ideally, it must be used only for STEMM disciplines.

Modelling of Electric Grid to Enhance Generated Power Evacuation

The study of evacuation of power from the power plants in Rivers State Nigeria, connecting to the 330kV transmission network of the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). The Power World Simulator Educational version was used in the modelling and simulation of the electric power grid. The study of load flow analysis, short circuit, transient and N-1 contingency analysis and their effect on the 330 kV/132kV transmission bus connected to the existing power plants in Rivers State Nigeria namely; Rivers IPP (180MW), Afam III (265.6MW), Afam IV & V (351.00 MW) and Afam VI G. S (650.00 MW) was carried out. From the short circuit study, it is observed that when a bus is faulted with a 3-phase fault, the three-phase voltages of the system drastically become zero in all the phases. The other buses of the network experience an increase in voltage and all the buses fed have the same effect as the bus under fault, though the effect is felt more on the buses. However, with the introduction of substation splitting at Afam III and ongoing Afam IV substations, the short circuit level will be reduced by 15%; leading to improvement in the overall system stability.