Migration using sea surface-related multiples: Challenges and opportunities

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Shaoping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Algorithm Development ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Seismic Data Acquisition ◽  
Marine Seismic

In marine seismic exploration, it has been well known that sea surface-related multiples can be treated as signals to image the subsurface and provide extended illumination. Previous studies on imaging of multiples have been mainly focusing on its algorithm development and implementation. This paper serves as a tutorial where we systematically investigate the fundamental challenges in the process of imaging of multiples. We first examine the impacts of marine seismic data acquisition parameters: such as offset, trace spacing and streamer towing direction, which are all key elements that control the quality of the images of multiples, and illustrate that 3D towed streamer and OBS surveys are preferable acquisition geometries to apply imaging of multiples. In addition, we investigate the challenges in jointly imaging primaries and multiples and the crosstalk problem in the process, and demonstrate that a Least-Squares inversion based algorithm is effective to address these issues. With the proper handling of all those challenges, imaging of multiples can help to mitigate shallow acquisition footprints, improve salt boundary illumination and enhance the imaging resolution, which allow the identification of drilling hazards and reduction in drilling risks. To apply imaging of multiples in practice, the objective is not to replace but to augment imaging of primaries by providing extra illumination.

Single water gun far‐field pressure signatures estimated from near‐field measurements

Geophysics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Safar
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Seismic Data Acquisition ◽  
Marine Seismic

An important recent development in marine seismic data acquisition is the introduction of the Gemini technique (Newman, 1983, Haskey et al., 1983). The technique involves the use of a single Sodera water gun as a reference source together with the conventional air gun or water gun array which is fired a second or two after firing the reference source. The near‐field pressure signature radiated by the reference source is monitored continuously. The main advantage of the Gemini technique is that a shallow high;resolution section is recorded simultaneously with that obtained from the main array.

Trends in onshore seismic data acquisition: a case study on cable-free nodal systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Nabeel Yassi
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Seismic Data Acquisition ◽  
2D And 3D

The desire to conduct onshore seismic surveys without cables has been an elusive dream since the dawn of seismic exploration. Since the late 1970s, seismic surveys were conducted with cabled multi-channels acquisition systems. As the number of channels steadily grew, a fundamental restriction appeared with hundreds of kilometres of line cables dragged on the ground. Seismic surveys within rugged terrain—across rivers, steep cliffs, urban areas, and culturally and environmentally sensitive zones—were both challenging and expansive exercises. Modern technology has made different cable-free solutions practical. High-resolution analogue to digital converters are now affordable, as are GPS radios for timing and location. Microprocessors and memory are readily available for autonomous recording systems, along with a battery the size and weight of a field nodal now promising to power an acquisition unit for as long as required for normal seismic crew operations. Many successful 2D and 3D seismic data acquisition using cable-free autonomous nodal systems were attempted in the past few years; however, there remain a number of concerns with these systems. The first concern queries whether the units are working according to manufacturer specifications during the data acquisition window. The second is the limited or no real-time data quality control that inspires sceptics to use the term blind acquisition to nodal operations. The third is the traditional question of geophone array versus point receiver acquisition. Although a string of the geophone can be connected to autonomous nodes, the preference is to deploy a single or internal geophone with the nodes to maintain the proposed flexibility of cable-free recording systems. This case study elaborates on the benefits of the cable-free seismic surveys, with specific examples of 2D and 3D exploration programs conducted in Australia in the past few years. Optimisation of field crew size, field crew resources, cost implications, and footprint to the environment, wildlife and domestic livestock will be discussed. In addition, the study focuses on the data quality/data assurance and the processes implanted during data acquisition to maintain equivalent industry standards to cable recording. Emphases will also include data analysis and test results of the geophone array versus the cable-free point receiver recording.

The Design of Multichannel Marine Seismic Acquisition Unit Based on ADS1282

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3274-3277
Author(s):  
Zhi Li Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Peng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Seismic Acquisition ◽  
Seismic Data Acquisition ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Data Acquisition Unit

For marine seismic data acquisition needs,a multichannel marine seismic data acquisition unit was designed,which used the 32-bit analog-to-digital ADS1282 as a core and Field programmable gate array (FPGA) as the acquisition controller.The unit can achieve multichannel seismic data sampling and transmission functions.The design fully used with the design ADS1282 chip integration,with the corresponding anti-jamming measures,not only simplified the circuit design,but also ensured the quality of signal acquisition and system stability.the design used FPGA to realize a multichannel hydrophone signal synchronization sampling.

scholarly journals Development of a New Centralized Data Acquisition System for Seismic Exploration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Guo ◽  
Qisheng Zhang ◽  
Qimao Zhang ◽  
Wenhao Li ◽  
Yueyun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Seismic Data Acquisition ◽  
Electrical Prospecting ◽  
And Migration

Abstract. Seismic exploration equipment has developed rapidly over the past few decades. One such piece of equipment is a centralized seismograph, which plays an important role in engineering, so improving its performance is of great scientific significance. However, there is still a gap between seismic exploration equipment that is inde-pendently developed by China and that developed worldwide; this gap needs to be bridged via the advancements made in technology. In this research, the core part of general seismic data acquisition devices is packaged to develop a centralized seismic data acquisition system (Named as CUGB-CS48DAS) that has independent operating ability and high scalability, which can be used for engineering seismic and electrical prospecting. The low-power-consumption computer of the system comprises a 24-bit Σ-△ modulation A/D converter and 48 sampling channels with an optional sampling rate of 50 Hz to 64 KHz, crosstalk rejection ratio ≥ 80 dB, dynamic range ≥ 120 dB, frequency response range of DC to 16 KHz, synchronization accuracy better than 200 ns, and data transmission speed ≥ 90 Mbps. With regard to the host computer, the ar-chitecture of the control software is smart, and it can integrate the multiple functions of data acquisition, preprocessing, and self-testing; clear interfaces reduce the com-plexity of development and migration.

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