Water–Rock Interactions and Origin of Formation Water in a Continental Rift Lacustrine Basin: A Case Study of the Cenozoic Formation in Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

The faulted lacustrine Bohai Basin in eastern China contains abundant hydrocarbon resources. In these reservoirs, understanding the sandstone diagenesis and the resulting formation water provides a means to unravel the evolution processes in the basin. In most cases, the lack of isotopic and trace element analysis tests in this type of basin limits the research on the origin and evolution of formation water in this area. We have used multivariate statistical methods to classify the geochemical characteristics of the formation water for the Cenozoic Formation of Bonan Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin. Analysis of correlations among the evolution processes of different ions in different types of formation water provides an understanding of the primary factors influencing the ion content. We also evaluate the water-rock interactions of different types of formation water to evaluate their geologic significance, and we find three types. Type I formation water includes a mixture of river water, lake water, and atmospheric precipitation and exhibits weak water-rock interactions. Type II formation water contains primitive freshwater and brackish lake water that has undergone an evolution process similar to that of type I formation water, but that was followed by evaporation and concentration, the dissolution and precipitation of calcite and iron calcite, and feldspar dissolution. Type III formation water, which is a product of rock reconstruction, originates from saline lake sediment water. After undergoing evolution processes similar to those of types I and II, type III formation water is also affected by dissolution of evaporite, albite, dolomite, and iron dolomite. Thus, type III formation water is the product of water-rock interactions such as precipitation, SO42− reduction, and pyrite precipitation in which the water-rock reaction controls the development mechanism and characteristics of the reservoir space.

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Predictive distribution of high-quality tight reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks by linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies: Evidence from the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China

Interpretation ◽

10.1190/int-2017-0139.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. T413-T429 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dong Wu ◽

Xiantai Liu ◽

Yushan Du ◽

Long Jiang ◽

Ziyan Cheng

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Middle Part ◽

Bohai Bay ◽

Bohai Bay Basin ◽

High Quality ◽

Clastic Rocks ◽

Bonan Sag ◽

Tight Reservoirs ◽

Channel Deposits

Coarse clastic rocks of the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China are important hydrocarbon reservoirs. The deposits are tight reservoirs owing to the low porosity (less than 10%) and low permeability (less than 1 mD). Because of the strong heterogeneity, although the reserve in the northern Bonan Sag is remarkable, only 4.9% of the reserves are recovered. We have studied these tight reservoirs by linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies to help predict the distribution of high-quality tight reservoirs. Petrographic analysis is undertaken based on cores, thin sections, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, helpful to understand the impacts on tight reservoirs of sedimentary factors and diagenesis factors. Sedimentary microfacies, lithologic characteristics, reservoir property, diagenesis, and diagenetic minerals are studied. Coarse clastic rocks are deposited mainly in nearshore subaqueous fans and fan deltas. The multistage sandstones are the valid reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks and dominated by feldspathic litharenite, lithic arkose, and arkose. The reservoir property is poor principally owing to the strong compaction and cementation. Pores are composed of secondary pores and primary pores. The secondary pore, generated in the dissolution of detrital minerals and/or cements, is the major type of pores and important to porosity improvement. By linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies, it can be concluded that high-quality tight reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks of the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag of Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China are associated with medium to coarse-grain sandstones, found in the middle part of underwater distributary channel deposits in fan deltas and in the middle part of underwater channel deposits in nearshore subaqueous fans, with abundant secondary porosity but low cement contents, vertically at depths ranging from 3500 to 4100 m.

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Lacustrine shale oil resource potential of Es 3 L Sub-Member of Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Journal of Earth Science ◽

10.1007/s12583-016-0945-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 996-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shuangfang Lu ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Min Wang ◽

Linye Zhang ◽

Zhentao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Bohai Bay ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Bohai Bay Basin ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Bonan Sag ◽

Lacustrine Shale

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Distribution and carbon isotope composition of pregnane in carbonate-evaporitic rocks from the Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China: Insights into sources and associated lake environments

Organic Geochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104127 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104127

Author(s):

Yongdong Zhang ◽

Yongge Sun ◽

Qin Liu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Isotope ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Eastern China ◽

Carbon Isotope Composition ◽

Bohai Bay ◽

Bohai Bay Basin ◽

Bonan Sag

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Methionine-Specific Staining of Collagen

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005408x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 294-295

Author(s):

E.M. Kuhn ◽

K.D. Marenus ◽

M. Beer

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Type Iii Collagen ◽

Type I ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Good Correspondence ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Type Iii ◽

Different Types ◽

Sulfur Containing

Fibers composed of different types of collagen cannot be differentiated by conventional electron microscopic stains. We are developing staining procedures aimed at identifying collagen fibers of different types.Pt(Gly-L-Met)Cl binds specifically to sulfur-containing amino acids. Different collagens have methionine (met) residues at somewhat different positions. A good correspondence has been reported between known met positions and Pt(GLM) bands in rat Type I SLS (collagen aggregates in which molecules lie adjacent to each other in exact register). We have confirmed this relationship in Type III collagen SLS (Fig. 1).

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Immunological Determined Plasminogen Groups And Its Possible Biological Relevance

10.1055/s-0038-1652204 ◽

1981 ◽

Author(s):

V Sachs ◽

R Dörner ◽

E Szirmai

Keyword(s):

Human Plasma ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Precipitation Line ◽

Gene Frequencies ◽

Type Iii ◽

Different Types ◽

Human Plasminogen ◽

Gel Diffusion ◽

Good Agreement

Anti human plasminogen sera of the rabbit precipitate human plasma in the agar gel diffusion test by means of intra-basin absorption with plasminogenfree human plasma with three different types: type I is represented by one strong precipitation line, type II by two lines, a big one and a small one, and type III by three slight but distinct lines. The following frequencies of the different types have been observed in a sample of 516 human plasmas: type I 65%, type II 33% and type III 2%. Suppose the types are phenotypical groups of a diallelic system where the types I and III represent the homozygous genotypes and the type II the heterozygous the estimated gene frequencies are in good agreement with the expected values. There is also a good agreement of the distribution of plasminogen groups determined by electrofocussing from RAUM et al. and HOBART. The plasminogen groups possibly may have also a biological meaning because the plasmas of type III always have a lesser fibrinolytic activity than the plasmas of the other types.

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