scholarly journals Current issues in child and adolescent psychopharmacology. Part 1: Attention-deficit hyperactivity and affective disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Coghill
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Adolescent Psychopharmacology ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Research Findings

Drug treatments play an important role in the treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. However, there is often a long delay before research findings are translated into clinical practice; furthermore, changes in clinical practice outstrip the available evidence. This paper focuses on current issues and research findings on the pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and affective disorders. Clinical findings from a US study of the treatment of ADHD with extended-release stimulants and non-stimulants, and the development and use of clinical guidelines are discussed. Clinical trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for early-onset depression, approaches to managing treatment-resistant depression and guidance on the drug treatment of early-onset mania are considered.

scholarly journals Current issues in child and adolescent psychopharmacology. Part 2: Anxiety and obsessive—compulsive disorders, autism, Tourette's and schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Coghill
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Adolescent Psychopharmacology ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

This paper reviews the evidence base supporting the use of pharmacological treatments for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Recent advances in knowledge are highlighted, with some of the controversies. New evidence supports a role for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of anxiety disorders and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Educational and behavioural approaches remain the mainstay of treatment for children and adolescents with autism, but there is evidence that adjunctive medication may be effective. Atypical antipsychotics have been investigated in the treatment of Tourette syndrome and early-onset schizophrenia. Many questions remain unanswered and further research is needed in all areas of paediatric psychopharmacology.

What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ebp Implementation

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.

scholarly journals Neuralgic amyotrophy: an underrecognized entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052110065
Author(s):  
Tae Uk Kim ◽  
Min Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cervical Radiculopathy ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Neurography ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Neuralgic Amyotrophy

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is markedly underdiagnosed in clinical practice, and its actual incidence rate is about 1 per 1000 per year. In the current article, we provide an overview of essential information about NA, including the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The causes of NA are multifactorial and include immunological, mechanical, or genetic factors. Typical clinical findings are a sudden onset of pain in the shoulder region, followed by patchy flaccid paralysis of muscles in the shoulder and/or arm. A diagnosis of NA is based on a patient’s clinical history and physical examination. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography are useful for confirming the diagnosis and choosing the appropriate treatment. However, before a diagnosis of NA is confirmed, other disorders with similar symptoms, such as cervical radiculopathy or rotator cuff tear, need to be ruled out. The prognosis of NA depends on the degree of axonal damage. In conclusion, many patients with motor weakness and pain are encountered in clinical practice, and some of these patients will exhibit NA. It is important that clinicians understand the key features of this disorder to avoid misdiagnosis.

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