Psychiatric Disorders in Children in Long-Term Residential Care: a Follow-Up Study

SummaryNinety-two children who had been examined in a psychiatric study of five to twelve year-olds in long-term residential care were followed up four years later. Three-quarters were still in children's homes, but over half had been moved to different establishments. At both the original study and follow-up, the majority showed evidence of psychiatric disorder. Considerable continuity of behavioural pattern was found, particularly amongst those who originally had antisocial disorders, who were also most likely to have had changes of care-taker during the four years. It is suggested that the persistence of their disorder may be due to a vicious circle of unacceptable behaviour and adult rejection.

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Behavioural symptoms among people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities: A 26-year follow-up study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.181.1.67 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 181 (1) ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Christina L. Thompson ◽

Andrew Reid

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Natural History ◽

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Challenging Behaviour ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Behavioural Symptoms ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

History Of

BackgroundVery little is known about the natural history of challenging behaviour and psychiatric disorder in people with severe and profound degrees of intellectual disability.AimsTo clarify the natural history of challenging behaviour and psychiatric disorder in this population through a long-term prospective cohort study over a 26-year period.MethodOne hundred individuals with severe or profound intellectual disability were randomly selected in 1975. Their behaviour was recorded through carer and psychiatrist ratings using the Modified Manifest Abnormality Scale of the Clinical Interview Schedule. The presence and severity of psychiatric disorder were also recorded. The study was repeated in 1981/82 and 1992/93. We repeated the study again in 2001, supplementing the original observational data with the Checklist of Challenging Behaviour.ResultsBehavioural symptomatology is remarkably persistent, particularly stereotypy, emotional abnormalities, eye avoidance and overactivity although the severity of overall psychiatric disorder does show some abatement through time.ConclusionsThese findings influence the prospects of success in relocating adults with severe and profound degrees of intellectual disability back into the community.

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Long-term outcome of psychiatric disorders in the community: A 13-Year follow-up study in a nonclinical population

Comprehensive Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90078-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michael G Madianos ◽

Marina Economou ◽

Costas N Stefanis

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Follow Up Study

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Undiagnosed Psychiatric Patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.121.6.647 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 121 (565) ◽

pp. 647-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jay L. Liss ◽

Amos Welner ◽

Eli Robins

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Chart Review ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Psychiatric Research ◽

Hospital Records ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Narrative Interview

In a previous report records were studied of 256 in-patients who were discharged as undiagnosed, i.e. in-patients who at the time of discharge did not have a definable psychiatric illness (Welner, Liss, Robins and Richardson, 1972). In that study it was shown that when rigorous criteria for psychiatric research (Feighner, Robins, Guze, Woodruff, Winokur and Munoz, 1972) were used 68 per cent of these patients met the criteria for an established psychiatric disorder. It was concluded that: (1) The chart review diagnoses for a population of undiagnosed patients consisted of a variety of established psychiatric disorders and the population was not homogeneous. (The chart review diagnosis is a diagnosis obtained by review of the patients' hospital records and evaluating the information by using diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders.) (2) The most efficient way to arrive at a diagnosis was by structured rather than conventional narrative interview. This study is a follow-up study of these patients and attempts to evaluate the validity of the chart review diagnosis. A concordance between the chart review diagnosis and follow-up diagnosis supports the above conclusions. The follow-up study also served to establish diagnosis in patients who had too few symptoms initially to meet the criteria for a diagnosis.

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NIDCD/VA Hearing Aid Clinical Trial and Follow-Up: Coupler and Real-Ear Measurement

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.18.4.3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (04) ◽

pp. 282-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Barbara F. Peek ◽

Mia A.L. Rosenfeld ◽

Gene W. Bratt ◽

David W. Williams

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Original Study ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Clinical Visit ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

The Mean

A total of 190 individuals participated in a clinical visit during the Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) 418-A Long Term Follow-Up Study. Of this cohort, 158 participants were considered current hearing aid users, and 32 were non–hearing aid users. Of the current hearing aid users, 81 were still using their original 418 study devices, and 77 had acquired new hearing aids. Coupler and real ear measurements were completed on all available hearing aids. Results showed that study aids had remained relatively stable over the six years between CSP 418 and CSP 418-A. On average, these hearing aid wearers preferred use gain settings that were 6–9 dB less than current NAL-RP insertion gain targets. Mean real ear insertion gain (REIG) was comparable to the mean real ear insertion gain of the same participants in the original study, and users did not tend to increase gain as hearing decreased. Real ear saturation responses (RESR) remained unchanged. Loudness discomfort levels (LDL) obtained during 418-A were significantly lower than LDLs obtained on those same participants at both the initial and final visits in the previous study. Un total de 190 individuos participaron de la visita clínica durante el Estudio de Seguimiento a Largo Plazo 418-A del Programa de Estudios Cooperativos (CSP). De esta cohorte, 158 participantes se consideraron usuarios actuales de auxiliares auditivos (AA), y 32 se consideraron no usuarios de AA. De los usuarios actuales de AA, 81 aún utilizaban sus dispositivos 418 del estudio, y 77 había adquiridos nuevos AA. Se completaron mediciones de acoplador y de oído real para todos los AA disponibles. Los resultados mostraron que los AA del estudio había permanecido relativamente estables en los seis años entre el CSP 418 y el CSP 418-A. En promedio, estos usuarios de AA prefirieron el uso de ajustes de ganancia que estaban 6-9 dB por debajo de las metas actuales de ganancia de inserción del NAL-RP. La ganancia media de inserción de oído real (REIG) fue comparable con la ganancia media de inserción de oído real de los mismos participantes en el estudio original, y los sujetos no tendieron a incrementar la ganancia conforme la audición se deterioró. Las respuestas de saturación de oído real (RESR) se mantuvieron sin cambio. Los niveles de incomodidad a la intensidad subjetiva (LDL) obtenidos durante el 419-A fueron significativamente más bajos que los LDL obtenidos en los mismos participantes, tanto en la visita inicial como final del estudio previo.

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