Manipulative Capacity in the application of the Comparison mechanism

The article presents some theoretical justifications and some features of the origin of the comparison mechanism. Some areas of the practical application of the comparison mechanism were also presented, and the main manipulative intentions were analyzed. The theoretical part considers and analyzes the problems and features of the development of a comparison mechanism. In particular, the Adler theory is analyzed. The author substantiates the fact that the basis of the comparison mechanism originates in early childhood. In this process, a particular role and significance is the fact of comparison with siblings. The theory of object relations is also considered a theoretical basis, especially regarding the psychological structure of the narcissistic personality. In this context, the psychoanalytic approach is regarded as a profound basis for forming a psychological comparison mechanism and later becomes a stable behavioural pattern. The correlation between the emergence of the psychological comparison mechanism and the influence of the individual's environment is also theoretically justified. The formed behavioural pattern becomes the basis for subsequent manipulations in the field of social psychology. In particular, the concept of a reference group is when an individual compares himself with members of his group and groups of opponents. In this case, using this mechanism, you can build the foundations of national identity and, as an additional tactic using the mechanism of depreciation. In marketing, a manipulative comparison mechanism is used to influence the self-image. In this case, a particular consumer is identified with this image by comparing himself to the advertising image. In the political and marketing spheres, manipulative use of the comparison mechanism can be found very often. The phenomenon of manipulation in this context concerns the concept of intention. The main manipulative intention is the desire to devalue. In politics, devaluation is often used, and in marketing, dominance is used. In the context of the latter, appropriate language is used. The manipulative use of the comparison mechanism is considered in the example of the discursive practices of representatives of individual political elites. In the political sphere, in using the comparison mechanism, the intention of devaluation, narcissistic comparison is mainly used. This process can particularly be seen when comparing the speech of the President of Georgia with the statement of the President of Ukraine. Using the example of President Zelensky's statement, one can see the use of a symbolic image, which provides even greater power of manipulative influence on one's audience. In marketing and advertising, the comparison mechanism is combined with the demonstration of the advantages of your own product compared to others.

Analysis and Routing of Basic Parameters of Tasuj Earthquake (April 2013, Northwest of Iran) with an Emphasis on Geodetic Data, Foreshocks and Large Aftershocks

In the science of seismology, issues such as the study of tectonic seismic maps and the identification of the behavioural pattern of pre-earthquakes and aftershocks are among the cases that have been proposed as the basis of applied geological studies in recent decades. Accordingly, numerous studies and researches in this field have been carried out in different regions of the world. However, the results of these studies so far have not been able to meet the needs of this field in a practical and practical way, and in this regard, there is a need to provide practical approaches in this field. In order to realize this approach, there is a need for specialized research and case studies in this field in order to be able to present studies on earthquake risk reduction in an institutionalized and practical way by identifying practical patterns. In this study, the basis of the case study, considering the special characteristics of Tasuj earthquake as one of the important earthquakes according to the basic patterns that can be provided in this field for this earthquake has been considered. Also geodetic analysis of Tasuj fault and the other faults studied for estimation of accuracy this analysis for prediction of earthquake. The results of this study indicate that the fault causing the Tasuj earthquake, contrary to what is presented in the fault map of the region and previous reports and articles, is of the strike-slip type, which should be corrected. Also, the analysis of the behavioural pattern of geodetic data, foreshocks and aftershocks as a precursor shows that these patterns can be used in predicting major earthquakes and large aftershocks. To predict the time of large aftershocks in this study, three phases have been used, which are based on changes in depth to magnitude, changes in seismic quiescence to magnitude and depth changes.

THE IMPACT OF QUARANTINE ON PROCRASTINATION AMONG STUDENTS POLISH MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT

Procrastination is defined as the delaying of making decisions or completing obligatory tasks. It is a constant but unadaptive behavioural pattern of an individual, making life difficult. Procrastination affects an individual’s psychological and physiological functioning, and is associated with habitual screen time, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, loss of psychological control over time. The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of procrastination and the planned research project on this still not fully recognized phenomenon

The Hungarian Hubris Syndrome

Powerful figures, such as politicians, who show a behavioural pattern of exuberant self-confidence, recklessness, and contempt for others may be the subject of the acquired personality disorder, the ’Hubris Syndrome’, which has been demonstrated to leave its mark on speech patterns. Our study explores characteristic language patterns of Hungarian Prime Ministers (PMs) with a special emphasis on one of the key indicators of Hubris, the shift from the first person ‘I’ to ‘we’ in spontaneous speech. We analyzed the ratio of the first-person singular (‘I’) and plural (‘we’) pronouns and verbal inflections in the spontaneous parliamentary speeches of four Hungarian PMs between 1998-2018. We found that Viktor Orbán during his second premiership (2010-2014) used first person plural relative to singular inflections more often than the other three PMs during their terms. Orbán and another Hungarian PM, Ferenc Gyurcsány, who were re-elected at some point showed an increased ratio of first person plural vs. singular inflections and personal pronouns by their second term, likely reflecting the process of getting drunk with power. The results confirm the hypothesis that extended periods of premiership and more specifically, re-elections increase hubristic behaviour in political leaders.

Efficacy of Terminalia chebula) and exercise in management of obesity (Sthaulya) — A case report

Obesity or is one of the lifestyle disorders rapidly increasing in the community; due to rigorously changing dietary habits and behavioural pattern. is a state of increased ofmeta data i.e. abnormal and /or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health of an individual. A married woman aged 29 years, presented to the clinic with complaint of infertility, loss of appetite and increased body weight. Regular walking exercise, as medicine along with counseling for diet restrictions made her lose 7.15% of her body weight with BMI reduction up to 2.94 units. Obesity is a public health problem with multiple risk factors and so its management is also very complex. Essential calorie intake coupled with appropriate adequate physical exercise and proper adherence to Ayurved guidelines for (daily regimen) can reduce rising problem of obesity in society.

Cross-modal individual recognition in the African penguin and the effect of partnership

An animal's ability to recognize another individual by matching their image to their voice suggests they form internal representations of other individuals. To what extent this ability, termed cross-modal individual recognition, extends to birds other than corvids is unknown. Here, we used an expectancy violation paradigm to determine whether a monogamous territorial seabird ( Spheniscus demersus ) can cross-modally recognize familiar conspecifics (partners or colony-mates). After pairs of penguins spent time together in an isolated area, one of the penguins was released from the area leaving the focal penguin alone. Subsequently, we played contact calls of the released penguin (congruent condition) or a different penguin (incongruent condition). After being paired with a colony-mate, focal penguins' response latency to the auditory stimulus was faster in the incongruent compared to congruent condition, indicating the mismatch violated their expectations. This behavioural pattern was not observed in focal penguins after being paired with their partner. We discuss these different results in the light of penguins’ natural behaviour and the evolution of social communication strategies. Our results suggest that cross-modal individual recognition extends to penguins and reveals, in contrast with previously thought, that social communication between members of this endangered species can also use visual cues.

Analisis Komentar Followers terhadap Identitas Gender Beauty Influencer Laki-Laki di Instagram

A phenomenon that starts to become popular in social media, especially Instagram, is becoming a content creator that focuses on beauty, also known as beauty influencer. Beauty influencers are identical to pretty and feminine concepts, but as the time goes by, male beauty influencers started to emerge as well. This created positive and negative opinions in society, especially about their gender identities. In Indonesia, genderless issue starts to attract public attention. Many people started to question the stiff gender categories by expressing their opinions regarding this phenomenon. This research was conducted with qualitative approach with Teun Van Dijk text analysis method. Data collection was conducted by observations, interviews, and documentations. Based on analysis, it is found that changes in society may affect an individual's social system, attitude, value, and behavioural pattern. People in the past recognise that men are masculine and women are feminine. Nowadays, gender limitation line is getting thinner, prioritising human rights. This proves that the perception of gender identities in the society are slowly changing.Salah satu fenomena yang marak di media sosial khususnya Instagram adalah menjadi content creator di bidang kecantikan atau yang biasa disebut dengan beauty influencer.Beauty influencer identik dengan konsep cantik dan feminine. Seiring perkembangan zaman, saat ini ada pula beauty influencer berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Hal tersebut memunculkan berbagai opini positif maupun negatif dalam masyarakat, khususnya mengenai identitas gender yang mereka tampilkan. Di Indonesia, isu genderless semakin menjadi perhatian publik. Orang-orang mulai mempertanyakan kategori gender yang kaku dan mengemukakan berbagai pendapat atas fenomena ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan teknik analisis wacana Teun Van Dijk. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa adanya perubahan dalam masyarakat dapat mempengaruhi sistem sosial, sikap, nilai, dan pola perilaku individu. Masyarakat pada zaman dulu memiliki persepsi bahwa pria harus maskulin dan perempuan feminin. Sementara zaman sekarang, garis pembatasan gender semakin tipis dan lebih mengutamakan hak manusia. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa persepsi mengenai identitas gender yang ada dalam masyarakat sudah perlahan-lahan berubah.

Technology and leadership styles: a review of trends between 2003 and 2021

PurposeLeadership style denotes the behavioural pattern of a leader, which bears on employee's attitude, perception about organization, manager and job satisfaction. The existence of different styles has presented leadership from diverse perspectives related to individuals' personality and behaviour. The main objective of this article is to explore the association between leadership styles and technology, major themes in this area and what can be the future research directions of this work.Design/methodology/approachLeadership style denotes the behavioural pattern of leader, which bears on employee's attitude, perception about organization, manager and job satisfaction. The existence of different styles has presented leadership from diverse perspectives related to individuals' personality and behaviour. The present article aims to review significant work by eminent researchers towards technology and leadership styles in the form trends, annual scientific production; popular affiliations and sources, a three-field plot of countries, scholars and themes, most cited references, trending keywords, thematic analysis of leadership styles and technology research by taking insights from situational leadership theory.FindingsThe findings indicate connections between various keywords and provide interesting themes like transformational leadership style is connected to knowledge management, transactional leadership, empowering leadership, psychological capital and e-leadership. Similarly, leadership is connected to leadership development, gender stereotypes, emotional exhaustion, innovative leadership and organizational performance.Originality/valueThis review analysis of leadership styles and technology is in itself a novice contribution and first of its nature. The identified themes are presenting good knowledge and food for thought for future researches.