scholarly journals Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Adshead
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Key Aspects

BackgroundAfter exposure to traumatic stressors, a subgroup of survivors (20–30%) will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsSince the incidence and prevalence rates for PTSD in the community are significant, it is important that general practitioners and psychiatrists be familiar with possible therapeutic options. In this review we shall look at the published evidence about the effectiveness of psychological treatments for PTSD.MethodThe psychopathological mechanisms involved in PTSD are discussed. Studies of the effectiveness of different psychological therapies are reviewed.ResultsThe review suggests that persistent fear or shame reactions are key aspects of PTSD. Evidence from systematic reviews suggests that psychotherapeutic treatments are effective in the therapy of reactions based on fear, and may increase the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. There is less systematic evidence for the efficacy of interventions for symptoms based on shame.ConclusionsAlthough a proportion of patients with complex or chronic PTSD may require specialist interventions, most patients can be treated effectively by a general psychiatric service which can offer both pharmacological and psychological interventions.

Psychiatric service dogs as a tertiary prevention modality for veterans living with post-traumatic stress disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Lessard ◽  
Claude Vincent ◽  
Dany H. Gagnon ◽  
Geneviève Belleville ◽  
Édouard Auger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Tertiary Prevention ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychiatric Service Dogs

scholarly journals Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials on Psychological Therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701877906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Martins Scalabrin ◽  
Marcelo F. Mello ◽  
Walter Swardfager ◽  
Hugo Cogo-Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective To evaluate the factorial validity and internal consistency of a measurement model underlying risk of bias as endorsed by Cochrane for use in systematic reviews; more specifically, how the risk of bias tool behaves in the context of studies on psychological therapies used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in adults. Methods We applied confirmatory factor analysis to a systematic review containing 70 clinical trials entitled “Psychological Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults” under a Bayesian estimator. Seven observed categorical risk of bias items (answered categorically as low, unclear, or high risk of bias) were collected from the systematic review. Results A unidimensional model for the Cochrane risk of bias tool items returned poor fit indices and low factor loadings, indicating questionable validity and internal consistency. Conclusion Although the present evidence is restricted to psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder, it demonstrates that the way risk of bias has been measured in this context may not be adequate. More broadly, the results suggest the importance of testing the risk of bias tool, and the possibility of rethinking the methods used to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuyokazi Ntlantsana ◽  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Sibongile Mashaphu ◽  
Bonginkosi Chiliza ◽  
Dickens H Akena
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: While untreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results in considerable morbidity and higher risk of mortality, little has been done to treat PTSD in low resourced sub-Saharan Africa settings where there is mass exposure of the population to traumatic events. This systematic review aims to summarise available evidence on the efficacy of psychological therapies for PTSD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Methods: A systematic search of literature in the PubMed, PsychInfo, EMBASE and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases will be conducted using keywords related to “PTSD”, “psychological therapies” and “SSA”. Two independent researchers will screen for studies eligible for inclusion if set in SSA and randomised controlled trial study design. Data on intervention types, population, comorbidities, comparison group intervention and PTSD outcomes will be extracted from included studies. Risk of bias will be assessed, qualitative synthesis of data will be conducted, and pooled effect estimates calculated.Discussion: Trauma in SSA occurs within the context of unique conditions necessitating applicable interventions. The results of the systematic review will be important in providing a guide for clinicians and researchers in low resource settings in development of effective interventions. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020181638)

Systematic review of lessons learned from delivering tele-therapy to veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 575-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Turgoose ◽  
Rachel Ashwick ◽  
Dominic Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Therapy Interventions

Introduction Despite increases in the number of ex-service personnel seeking treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there remain a number of barriers to help-seeking which prevents many veterans from accessing psychological therapies. Tele-therapy provides one potential method of increasing the number of veterans accessing support. This review aimed to systematically review the literature in order to summarise what lessons have been learned so far from providing trauma-focused tele-therapies to veterans with PTSD. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted from which 41 papers were reviewed. Studies were included if they involved the use of trauma-focused therapies carried out using tele-therapy technologies. Only studies using tele-therapy interventions via video or telephone with populations of ex-military personnel with PTSD were included. Results In the majority of cases tele-therapy was found to be as effective in reducing PTSD symptoms as in-person interventions. Similarly, there were few differences in most process outcomes such as dropout rates, with tele-therapy helping to increase uptake in some cases. Veterans using tele-therapy reported high levels of acceptability and satisfaction. Some challenges were reported in terms of therapeutic alliance, with some studies suggesting that veterans felt less comfortable in using tele-therapy. Several studies suggested it was harder for clinicians to read non-verbal communication in tele-therapy, but this did not affect their ability to build rapport. Technological issues were encountered, but these were not found to impede therapy processes or outcomes. Discussion Tele-therapy provides a viable alternative to in-person therapies and has the potential to increase access to therapy for veterans. Tele-therapy should continue to be evaluated and scrutinised in order to establish the most effective methods of delivery.

Use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika A. Gupta ◽  
Aditya K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: The use of psychological therapies in dermatology is being increasingly recognized because stress and negative emotions are major factors in a wide range of dermatologic disorders. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological intervention which was first described to be effective in post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition associated with extremely stressful life situations. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of EMDR in primary dermatologic disorders where psychological stress plays an important part in the pathogenesis of the disorder, and in clinical situations where the dermatologic symptom is the feature of a stress-related psychiatric disorder. Methods: Four patients (two patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, respectively, whose symptoms were exacerbated by stress, one patient with acne excoríee associated with body image pathology as a result of childhood emotional abuse, and one patient with generalized urticaria associated with post-traumatic stress disorder) were treated using the standard EMDR protocol with 3–6 sessions for a period ranging from 4 to 12 weeks, and followed up for 6–12 months after the end of EMDR therapy. Results: All 4 patients experienced a marked improvement in their symptoms after 3–6 sessions of EMDR, within a period of ⩽3 months, and maintained improvement during followup periods of 6–12 months. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that EMDR may be beneficial in the treatment of a wide range of stress-mediated dermatologic symptoms.

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