Behavior of Building Occupants in Earthquakes

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Durkin

To be truly effective, earthquake hazard reduction measures must be based on a realistic appraisal of occupants' capabilities and actions during earthquakes. Studies suggest that many overly general beliefs about appropriate response can endanger rather than protect building occupants. We need to analyze occupant actions with respect to hazards posed by the seismic performance of specific building types. This paper will review the findings of recent U.S. studies, discuss the applicability of research from abroad, and summarize requirements for continued progress in this vital research area.

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter May ◽  
Patricia Bolton

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah R Hizbaron ◽  
Sudibyakto Sudibyakto ◽  
Raditya Jati ◽  
Hidehiko Kanegae ◽  
Yusuke Toyoda

This research aims at development of Participatory Evacuation Map Making (PEMM) for Kotagede, Yogyakarta – Indonesia. The research area is one of an important cultural heritage sites in Indonesia which is subjected towards earthquake hazard. The preliminary observation revealed that the area is a densely populated area, which characterized by dense wooden building structure, narrow street and minimum information of evacuation route which increase their vulnerability potentials. This leads to the idea of developing the PEMM to improve their awareness and preparedness during disaster events and creates sustainable condition for local livelihood security. The method develops within this research is actually a lesson learn from Ritsumeikan University, that has developed CSR for integration disaster management into heritage sites at Kyoto Prefecture. Their CSR covers several activities such as developing disaster information via vending machine and tourism map. Since Yogyakarta and Kyoto are engaged in “Sister City Development Program”, hereafter Universitas Gadjah Mada tries to do similar thing. Map making is an alternative prior to community experience in map making is rather frequent compare to vending machine habit. The preliminary finding of this research indicates that the Kotagede community has been involved in several map making activity, such as “Green Map” and “Rehabilitation Sites Map”.  However, they have not yet any experience to create any map which includes information such as evacuation route, fire extinguisher, shelter information center and important meeting points. An improved critics from this research is to include meeting points level. As we all aware off, each meeting point have significant carrying capacity, thereby in the future a research on similar topics should add level and or category of meeting points. This is an important steppingstone for the research to conduct further research.


Eos ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (25) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Pincus ◽  
John Handin ◽  
William R. Judd ◽  
Terry Engelder

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Lindell ◽  
Ronald W. Perry

Hazardous materials pose a problem of great significance for earthquake hazard reduction because severe earthquakes can simultaneously fail independent systems for on-site release mitigation and off-site emergency response. Unfortunately, the potential for major earthquake-initiated hazmat releases (EIHRs) has received little attention from earthquake researchers and planners. This study assessed the extent of on-site and off-site damage to fixed-site hazmat facilities and the hazard adjustments (i.e., hazard assessment, hazard mitigation, and emergency preparedness actions) that these facilities implemented before and after the Northridge earthquake. Data on the occurrence of chemical containment and infrastructure systems impacts confirms that hazmat facility infrastructure is vulnerable to seismic impacts. Hazard adjustments were undertaken after the earthquake, but were unrelated to the level of earthquake impact. These results suggest that comprehensive EIHR loss estimation studies should be conducted for seismic zones throughout the country, especially for clusters of hazmat facilities subject to the threat of damaging earthquakes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Soulthan Salahudin Al Ayubi ◽  
Karyanto Karyanto ◽  
Nandi Haerudin ◽  
Syamsurijal Rasimeng ◽  
Rahmat C Wibowo

Southwest Sumba Regency is located in the Banda Arc area. Its position which is very close to the subduction area in the south of Indonesia caused a lot of tectonic activity and earthquake hazard. The arrangement of alluvium, coral, and thick deposits on the island of Sumba makes it prone to earthquake strengthening. Zoning of soil characters using site effects and DSHA method was carried out to determine the danger level of strengthening the Southwest Sumba Regency. Zoning of the site effect soil character uses microtremor data which is correlated with seismic hazard analysis to obtain the PGA values on bedrock and ground surface using the closest earthquake source. The area is dominated by Class 2 and 3 lands (f0 worth 1.333 - 5 Hz) according to the Kanai Classification (1983), with an amplification predominance of 3.8-8.3 times. This indicates that the research area is dominated by thick sediment deposits. The PGA value obtained from the DSHA method is known that Southwest Sumba Regency has a PGA soil of 0.075-0.19 g and a bedrock PGA of 0.067-0.085 g using earthquake record data in Sumba Subduction and Timor Subduction. With PGA estimation, it is known that the level of earthquake disaster vulnerability is high, located in the south of Southwest Sumba Regency which is suspected to be composed of thick sediments and close to the Sumba Subduction and Timor Subduction.Keywords: Site effect, predominant frequency, amplification, earthquake, DSHA, PGA


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