Collision site effect on the radiation dynamics of cytosine induced by proton

By combing the time-dependent density functional calculations for electrons with molecular dynamics simulations for ions (TDDFT-MD) nonadiabatically in real time, we investigate the microscopic mechanism of collisions between cytosine and low-energy protons with incident energy ranging from 150 eV to 1000 eV. To explore the effects of the collision site and the proton incident energy on irradiation processes of cytosine, two collision sites are specially considered, which are N and O both acting as the proton receptors when forming hydrogen bonds with guanine. Not only the energy loss and the scattering angle of the projectile, but also the electronic and ionic degrees of freedom of the target are identified. It is found that the energy loss of proton increases linearly with the increase of the incident energy in both situations, which are 14.2% and 21.1% of the incident energy respectively. However, the scattering angles show different behaviors in these two situations when the incident kinetic energy increases. When proton collides with O, the scattering angle of proton is larger and the energy lost is more, while proton captures less electrons from O. The calculated fragment mass distribution shows the high counts of the fragment mass of 1, implying the production of H+ fragment ion from cytosine even for proton with the incident energy lower than keV. Furthermore, the calculated results show that N on cytosine is easier to be combined with low-energy protons to form NH bonds than O.

Determination of earthquake prone zones at university of tadulako based on dominant periods and peak ground acceleration (PGA)

University of Tadulako is the largest State University in Palu City. When an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 Mw on September 28, 2018, occurred, many buildings were damaged and even collapsed at that time, even causing casualties due to the rubble. Research on the Local Site Effect is essential for the assessment of seismic hazard. In this study, the local site effect was analyzed using the HVSR method based on microtremor data. The predominant Period (To) ranges between 1.709 s to 3.816 s, indicates that this area consists of alluvium and has a very thick sediment layer. Another parameter calculated in this paper is the peak ground acceleration (PGA) with values from 0.914 g to 0.924 g. This value is the first indicated soil damage level due to ground motions. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in the development of regional spatial planning and building structures based on earthquake analysis.

Erex Male Enhancement (Shocking) Does Erex Male Enhancement Really Works? v1

➢Product Name : Erex Male Enhancement ➢Side Effect : No Site Effect ➢Category : Health ➢Availability : Online ➢Rating : ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ ➢Official Website : Sale Is Live [Get Special Discount Hurry Up]

Estimation of Shear-Wave Velocity Structures in Taichung, Taiwan, Using Array Measurements of Microtremors

Near-surface S-wave velocity structures (VS) are crucial in site-effect studies and ground-motion simulations or predictions. We explored S-wave velocity structures in Taichung, the second-largest city in Taiwan by population, by employing array measurements of microtremors at a total of 53 sites. First, the fundamental-mode dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves were estimated by adopting the frequency–wavenumber analysis method. Second, the surface-wave inversion technique was used to calculate the S-wave velocity structures of the area. At many sites, observed phase velocities were almost flat, with a phase velocity of approximately 800–1300 m/s in the frequency range of 0.6–2 Hz. A high-velocity zone (VS of 900–1500 m/s) with a convex shape was observed at the shallow S-wave structures of these sites (depths of 50–500 m). On the basis of the inversion results, we constructed two-dimensional and three-dimensional contour maps to elucidate the variations of VS structures in Taichung. According to VS-contour maps at different depths, lowest S-wave velocities are found at the western coastal plain, whereas highest S-wave velocities appear on the eastern side. The S-wave velocity gradually decreases from east to west. Moreover, the S-wave velocity of the Tertiary bedrock is assumed to be 1500 m/s in the area. According to the depth-contour map (VS = 1500 m/s), the depths of the bedrock range from 250 m (the eastern part) to 1550 m (the western part). The thicknesses of the alluvium gradually decrease from west to east. Our results are consistent with the geology of the Taichung area.

Biomacromolecule-Functionalized Nanoparticle-Based Conjugates for Potentiation of Anticancer Therapy

: Cancer is a rapidly growing life-threatening disease that affected 18.1 million people worldwide in 2018. Various conventional techniques like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are considered as a mainstream treatment for patients but show some limitations like cytotoxicity due to off-targeted action, poor intra-tumor localization, development of multi-drug resistance by tumor cells, physical and psychological stresses, etc. Such limitations have motivated the scientists to work towards more patient-centric and precision therapy using advanced drug delivery systems like liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoconjugates, etc. However, these carriers also face limitations like poor biocompatibility, lesser payload capacity, leakage of encapsulated drug, and short-term stability. So, this review article explores the profound insights for the development of biomacromolecule-functionalized nanoconjugates to potentiate the anticancer activity of therapeutic agents for various cancers like lung, colorectal, ovarian, breast and liver cancer. Researchers have shown interest in biofunctionalized nanoconjugates because of advantages like biocompatibility, site-specificity with better localization, higher entrapment with long-term stability and lesser off-target toxicity. The progressive trend of biomacromolecule nanoconjugates will encourage further research for the development of effective transport of drugs, nutraceuticals and phytoconstituents for on-site effect at cancer microenvironment and tumor cells with higher safety profile.

Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning

Background: Multi-site functional MRI (fMRI) databases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the study of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, multi-site databases are known to introduce site effects that may confound neurobiological and measures such as functional connectivity (FC). Although studies have been conducted to mitigate site effects, these methods often result in reduced effect size in FC comparisons between controls and patients.Methods: We present a site-wise de-meaning (SWD) strategy in multi-site FC analysis and compare its performance with two common site-effect mitigation methods, i.e., generalized linear model (GLM) and Combining Batches (ComBat) Harmonization. For SWD, after FC was calculated and Fisher z-transformed, the site-wise FC mean was removed from each subject before group-level statistical analysis. The above methods were tested on two multi-site psychiatric consortiums [Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP)]. Preservation of consistent FC alterations in patients were evaluated for each method through the effect sizes (Hedge’s g) of patients vs. controls.Results: For the B-SNIP dataset, SWD improved the effect size between schizophrenic and control subjects by 4.5–7.9%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by 22.5–42.6%. For the ABIDE dataset, SWD improved the effect size between autistic and control subjects by 2.9–5.3%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by up to 11.4%.Conclusion: Compared to the original data and commonly used methods, the SWD method demonstrated superior performance in preserving the effect size in FC features associated with disorders.

Importance of Autoimmune Responses in Progression of Retinal Degeneration Initiated by Gene Mutations

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous rare disorders associated with retinal dysfunction and death of retinal photoreceptor cells, leading to blindness. Among the most frequent and severe forms of those retinopathies is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) that affects 1:4,000 individuals worldwide. The genes that have been implicated in RP are associated with the proteins present in photoreceptor cells or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Asymmetric presentation or sudden progression in retinal disease suggests that a gene mutation alone might not be responsible for retinal degeneration. Immune responses could directly target the retina or be site effect of immunity as a bystander deterioration. Autoantibodies against retinal autoantigens have been found in RP, which led to a hypothesis that autoimmunity could be responsible for the progression of photoreceptor cell death initiated by a genetic mutation. The other contributory factor to retinal degeneration is inflammation that activates the innate immune mechanisms, such as complement. If autoimmune responses contribute to the progression of retinopathy, this could have an implication on treatment, such as gene replacement therapy. In this review, we provide a perspective on the current role of autoimmunity/immunity in RP pathophysiology.

Phylogeography of an Amazonian Cichlid supports strong structuration by water current and past evolution by vicariance associated to the Amazon's formation.

Amazonia is characterized by very heterogeneous riverscapes dominated by two drastically divergent water types: black (ion-poor, dissolved organic carbonate rich and acidic) and white (nutrient rich and turbid) waters. Recent phylogeographic and genomic studies have associated the ecotone formed by these environments to ecologically driven speciation in fish species. With the objective of better understanding the evolutionary forces behind the Amazonian Teleostean diversification, we sampled 240 Mesonauta festivus from 12 sites on a wide area of the Amazonian basin. These sites included three confluences of black and white water environments to seek for repeated evidences of ecological speciation at these ecotones. Our genetic dataset of 41,268 SNPs is contrasting with previous results and supports a low structuring power of water types. Conversely, we detected a strong pattern of isolation by unidirectional downstream water current and evidence of past events of vicariance potentially linked to the Amazon River formation and salt-water incursions that occurred 2.5 Mya. Using a combination of population genetic, phylogeographic analysis and environmental association models, we decomposed the spatial variance from the environmental genetic variance specifically to assess which evolutive forces have shaped inter-population differences in M. festivus’ genome. Our sampling design comprising four major Amazonian rivers and three confluences of black and white water rivers supports the possibility that past studies potentially confounded ecological speciation with a site effect unrepresentative of the full Amazonian watershed. While ecological speciation admittedly played a role in Amazonian fish species diversification, we argue that neutral evolutionary processes explain most of the divergence between M. festivus populations.