Resources, geochemical features and environmental implications of the geothermal waters in the continental rift zone of the BüYüK Menderes, Western Anatolia, Turkey

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Nevzat Özgür
Keyword(s):  
Rift Zone ◽  
Continental Rift ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Geothermal Waters

scholarly journals ACTIVE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN THE CONTINENTAL RIFT ZONES OF THE MENDERES MASSIF, WESTERN ANATOLIA, TURKEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
N. Özgür ◽  
T. Arife Çalışkan
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Continental Rift ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Menderes Massif ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Rift Zones

The active geothermal waters of Kızıldere, Bayındır, and Salihli in the continental rift zones of the Büyük Menderes, Küçük Menderes and Gediz represent typical examples in the study area. The meteoric waters in the drainage areas of the rift zones percolate at NE-SW and/or NW-SE trending fault zones and permeable clastic sediments into the reaction zone of the roof area of a magma chamber situated in a probable depth of up to 5 km where meteoric fluids are heated by the cooling magmatic melt and ascend to the surface due to their lower density caused by convection cells. The volatile components of CO2, SO2, HCl, H2S, HB, HF, and He out of the magma reach the geothermal water reservoir where an equilibrium between altered rocks, gas components, and fluids performs. Thus, the geothermal waters ascend in the tectonical zones of weakness at the continental rift zones of the Menderes Massif in terms of hot springs, gases, and steams. These fluids are characterized by high to medium CO2, H2S and NaCl contents.

scholarly journals Rift zone-parallel extension during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alodie Bubeck ◽  
Richard J. Walker ◽  
Jonathan Imber ◽  
Robert E. Holdsworth ◽  
Christopher J. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Zone ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Continental Rift ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Rift Basins ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Bookshelf Faulting ◽  
Fault Growth ◽  
Parallel Extension

Abstract. The mechanical interaction of propagating normal faults is known to influence the linkage geometry of first-order faults, and the development of second-order faults and fractures, which transfer displacement within relay zones. Natural examples of growth faults from two active volcanic rift zones (Koa’e, Big Island, Hawaii and Krafla, northern Iceland) illustrate the importance of relay zone heave gradients and associated vertical axis rotations in evolving continental rift systems. Detailed field mapping of deformation within two relay zones, located at the tips of en echelon rift faults, reveals pronounced heave displacement deficits that are accommodated by: (1) extensional-shear faults that strike at a low angle ( 45°) and accommodate a significant component of rift zone-parallel extension. Such extension parallel to the rift axis may oppose any shear-induced shortening that is typically required for vertical axis rotations (e.g. bookshelf faulting models). At the surface, this volume increase is accommodated by open fractures, but may be accommodated in the subsurface by veins or dikes oriented oblique- and normal to the rift axis. This proposal is consistent with data from exhumed contemporaneous fault and dike systems seen on the Faroe Islands and in Kangerlussuaq (East Greenland). Based on the findings presented here we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of segmented continental rift basins on the NE Atlantic margins.

scholarly journals Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alodie Bubeck ◽  
Richard J. Walker ◽  
Jonathan Imber ◽  
Robert E. Holdsworth ◽  
Christopher J. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Continental Rift ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Zone Development ◽  
Rift Zones ◽  
Fault Growth

Abstract. The mechanical interaction of propagating normal faults is known to influence the linkage geometry of first-order faults, and the development of second-order faults and fractures, which transfer displacement within relay zones. Here we use natural examples of growth faults from two active volcanic rift zones (Koa`e, island of Hawai`i, and Krafla, northern Iceland) to illustrate the importance of horizontal-plane extension (heave) gradients, and associated vertical axis rotations, in evolving continental rift systems. Second-order extension and extensional-shear faults within the relay zones variably resolve components of regional extension, and components of extension and/or shortening parallel to the rift zone, to accommodate the inherently three-dimensional (3-D) strains associated with relay zone development and rotation. Such a configuration involves volume increase, which is accommodated at the surface by open fractures; in the subsurface this may be accommodated by veins or dikes oriented obliquely and normal to the rift axis. To consider the scalability of the effects of relay zone rotations, we compare the geometry and kinematics of fault and fracture sets in the Koa`e and Krafla rift zones with data from exhumed contemporaneous fault and dike systems developed within a > 5×104 km2 relay system that developed during formation of the NE Atlantic margins. Based on the findings presented here we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of segmented continental rift basins on the NE Atlantic margins.

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