Numerical analysis of the debonding of the adhesive interlayer in a laminated glass plate

A driving technical concern for the automobile industry is their assurance that developed windshield products meet Federal safety standards. Besides conducting innumerable glass breakage experiments, product developers also have the option of utilizing numerical approaches that can provide further insight into glass impact breakage, fracture, and fragmentation. The combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is one such tool and was used in this study to investigate 3D impact glass fracture processes. To enable this analysis, a generalized traction-separation model, which defines the constitutive relationship between the traction and separation in FDEM cohesive zone models, was introduced. The mechanical responses of a laminated glass and a glass plate under impact were then analyzed. For laminated glass, an impact fracture process was investigated and results were compared against corresponding experiments. Correspondingly, two glass plate impact fracture patterns, i.e., concentric fractures and radial fractures, were simulated. The results show that for both cases, FDEM simulated fracture processes and fracture patterns are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The work demonstrates that FDEM is an effective tool for modeling of fracture and fragmentation in glass.

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The Effect of Glass Plate Thickness and Type and Thickness of the Bonding Interlayer on the Mechanical Behavior of Laminated Glass

New Journal of Glass and Ceramics ◽

10.4236/njgc.2011.12007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 40-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Issam S. Jalham ◽

Omar Alsaed

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Plate Thickness ◽

Glass Plate ◽

Laminated Glass

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Effect of Delamination on the Strength of Laminated Glass Plate Structures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.181 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 487 ◽

pp. 181-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Zülfü Aşık ◽

Ebru Dural

Keyword(s):

Large Deflection ◽

Glass Plate ◽

Polyvinyl Butyral ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

Plate Structures ◽

Order Difference ◽

Deflection Analysis ◽

History Of ◽

Glass Unit

Laminated glass which consists of two glass sheets connected to each other with PVB interlayer is used in many engineering applications for years. Despite the long history of the use of laminated glass in buildings there are serious problems about delamination of laminated glass units. This paper provides information about delamination issues of laminated glass plate structures. Delamination of laminated glass unit may be due to the thinning of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) interlayer or the folds which occur during the manufacturing process. Laminated glass behaves in a complex manner due to the effect of geometry that undergoes large deflection even under their own weight and the order difference between the elastic modulus of glass and interlayer. Because of the mentioned reasons large deflection analysis has to be performed in the determination of the effect of delamination on the strength of laminated glasses.

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Numerical analysis of impact failure of automotive laminated glass: A review

Composites Part B Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.04.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Shunhua Chen ◽

Mengyan Zang ◽

Di Wang ◽

Shinobu Yoshimura ◽

Tomonori Yamada

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

Impact Failure

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Experimental and numerical treatment of delamination in laminated glass plate structures

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites ◽

10.1177/0731684415613163 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 56-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ebru Dural

Keyword(s):

Glass Plate ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

Numerical Treatment ◽

Plate Structures

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Numerical analysis of the nonlinear deformation of a spherical pressure vessel made of laminated glass-plastic

Soviet Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1007/bf00887185 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 1033-1037

Author(s):

Ya. M. Grigorenko ◽

A. T. Vasilenko ◽

N. N. Kryukov ◽

T. V. Krizhanovskaya

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Pressure Vessel ◽

Nonlinear Deformation ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

Glass Plastic ◽

Spherical Pressure

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Role of Adhesive Interlayer in Transverse Fracture of Brittle Layer Structures

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2000.0145 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 1017-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Herzl Chai ◽

Brian Lawn

Keyword(s):

Crack Initiation ◽

Glass Surface ◽

Hard Spheres ◽

Glass Plate ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Transverse Fracture ◽

Adhesive Interlayer ◽

Layer Structures ◽

Brittle Layer

The role of a soft adhesive interlayer in determining critical conditions for fracture in brittle layer structures from indentation with hard spheres is investigated. A model transparent trilayer system consisting of a glass plate overlayer (thickness range 80 μm to 2 mm) joined to a glass plate underlayer (thickness 5.6 mm) by an epoxy adhesive (thickness range 5 μm to 8 mm), loaded at its top surface with a hard tungsten carbide sphere (radius 3.96 mm), facilitatesin situobservations of the crack initiation and propagation. Whereas in bulk glass fracture occurs by inner Hertzian cone cracking immediately outside the contact circle, the soft adhesive allows the overlayer glass plate to flex, initiating additional transverse fracture modes within the overlayer: downward-extending outer ring cracks at the top glass surface well outside the contact, and upward-extending radial cracks at the bottom glass surface (i.e., at the glass/adhesive interface) on median planes containing the contact axis. The top and bottom surfaces of the glass overlayers are given selective prebonding abrasion treatments to ensure uniform flaw states, so as to enable accurate comparisons between crack initiation conditions. The adhesive bonding is strong enough to preclude delamination in our layer system. Of the three transverse crack systems, the subsurface radials generates most easily in systems with large adhesive thicknesses (and smaller overlayer thicknesses). Semi-empirical relations are specified for the dependence of the critical loads for radial and ring cracking on adhesive as well as overlayer thickness, based on the assumption that crack initiation occurs when the maximum tensile stresses in the flexing glass plate exceed the bulk strength of the (abraded) glass. Coupled with the traditional “Auerbach's law” for cone crack initiation, these relations afford a basis for the construction of simple design diagrams for brittle layer systems joined by adhesives.

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