Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-methane premixed gas in complex pipe networks

To explore the overpressure evolution laws and flame propagation characteristics in complex pipe networks after the addition of hydrogen to methane, we experimentally studied the explosive pressure wave and flame wave propagation laws for three different premixed gas mixtures with hydrogen-methane concentrations of 0, 10% and 20% when the equivalence ratio was 1. Experimental results indicate that the maximum explosion overpressure of the premixed gas increases with increasing distance from the explosion source, and it shows a gradually decreasing trend. In the complex pipe network, an overpressure zone is formed in the B–E–H and D–E sections of the network. The flame temperature is superimposed with the superimposition of the pressure, showing a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, then increasing, and finally decreasing in the complex pipe network. The flame arrival time increases with increasing distance, and the maximum flame speed shows a decreasing trend. The peak overpressure and maximum flame velocity of the premixed gas under a hydrogen volume fraction of 20% are 1.266 MPa and 168 m/s. The experimental research results could provide important theoretical guidelines for the prevention and control of fuel gas explosions in urban pipe networks.

Legal and Jurisprudential analysis towards the Possibility of Expanding Scope of the Destruction Rule

In the conventional definition of Destruction, it should be acknowledged that Destruction refers to the state in which the destruction of a place or specific place occurs due to an accident, destruction and demolition of houses, homes and vehicles (such as, cars, trains, planes, etc.) due to a disaster, such as earthquake, accident, gas explosions, bombings, missiles, etc., are examples of Destruction and are covered by Article 873 of the Civil Code. The legislator in Article 873 of the Civil Code believes that if the date of death of the persons who inherit from each other is unknown and the priority and posterority of each of them are not known, the said persons will not inherit from each other, unless the death is due to drowning or Destruction, in which case they inherit from each other. Destruction used to have a limited scope in itself, but with the advancement of science and modern means of life and livelihood, it has expanded beyond the scope and examples of Destruction and will include more cases. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject and the need for a comprehensive and transparent study of that research, by referring to general and special jurisprudential texts through a comparative study of Islamic law, this paper aims to analyze the famous view of the jurists regarding the rule of Destruction and its inclusion and examples.