scholarly journals Nesfatin-1 Neurons in Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei of the Rat Hypothalamus Coexpress Oxytocin and Vasopressin and Are Activated by Refeeding

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kohno ◽  
Masanori Nakata ◽  
Yuko Maejima ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimizu ◽  
Udval Sedbazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Vasopressin Neurons ◽  
Fine Localization ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei

Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered satiety molecule, is located in the hypothalamic nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON). In this study, fine localization and regulation of nesfatin-1 neurons in the PVN and SON were investigated by immunohistochemistry of neuropeptides and c-Fos. In the PVN, 24% of nesfatin-1 neurons overlapped with oxytocin, 18% with vasopressin, 13% with CRH, and 12% with TRH neurons. In the SON, 35% of nesfatin-1 neurons overlapped with oxytocin and 28% with vasopressin. After a 48-h fast, refeeding for 2 h dramatically increased the number of nesfatin-1 neurons expressing c-Fos immunoreactivity by approximately 10 times in the PVN and 30 times in the SON, compared with the fasting controls. In the SON, refeeding also significantly increased the number of nesfatin-1-immunoreactive neurons and NUCB2 mRNA expression, compared with fasting. These results indicate that nesfatin-1 neurons in the PVN and SON highly overlap with oxytocin and vasopressin neurons and that they are activated markedly by refeeding. Feeding-activated nesfatin-1 neurons in the PVN and SON could play a role in the postprandial regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.

scholarly journals Adiponectin receptors are expressed in hypothalamus and colocalized with proopiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y in rodent arcuate neurons

2008 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Guillod-Maximin ◽  
A F Roy ◽  
C M Vacher ◽  
A Aubourg ◽  
V Bailleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Ampk Phosphorylation ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Adiponectin is involved in the control of energy homeostasis in peripheral tissues through Adipor1 and Adipor2 receptors. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that this adipocyte-secreted hormone may also act at the hypothalamic level to control energy homeostasis. In the present study, we observed the gene and protein expressions of Adipor1 and Adipor2 in rat hypothalamus using different approaches. By immunohistochemistry, Adipor1 expression was ubiquitous in the rat brain. By contrast, Adipor2 expression was more limited to specific brain areas such as hypothalamus, cortex, and hippocampus. In arcuate and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, Adipor1, and Adipor2 were expressed by neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, using transgenic green fluorescent protein mice, we showed that Adipor1 and Adipor2 were present in pro–opiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Finally, adiponectin treatment by intracerebroventricular injection induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the rat hypothalamus. This was confirmed byin vitrostudies using hypothalamic membrane fractions. In conclusion, Adipor1 and Adipor2 are both expressed by neurons (including POMC and NPY neurons) and astrocytes in the rat hypothalamic nuclei. Adiponectin is able to increase AMPK phosphorylation in the rat hypothalamus. These data reinforced a potential role of adiponectin and its hypothalamic receptors in the control of energy homeostasis.

scholarly journals The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats

NeuroSci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Ágnes Csáki ◽  
Katalin Köves ◽  
Zsolt Boldogkői ◽  
Dóra Tombácz ◽  
Zsuzsanna E. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Magnocellular Neuron ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Virus Tracing ◽  
Supraoptic Neurons ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei

In rats, some parvocellular paraventricular neurons project to spinal autonomic centers. Using the virus tracing technique, we have demonstrated that some magnocellular paraventricular neurons, but not supraoptic neurons, also project to autonomic preganglionic centers of the mammary gland, gingiva, or lip. A part of these neurons has shown oxytocin immunoreactivity. In the present experiment, we have examined whether the same magnocellular neuron that sends fibers to the retina or autonomic preganglionic centers of the eye also projects to the posterior pituitary. Double neurotropic viral labeling and oxytocin immunohistochemistry were used. After inoculation of the posterior pituitary and the eye with viruses, spreading in a retrograde direction and expressing different fluorescence proteins, we looked for double-labeled neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Double-labeled neurons were observed in non-sympathectomized and cervical-sympathectomized animals. Some double-labeled neurons contained oxytocin. After the optic nerve was cut, the labeling did not appear in the supraoptic nucleus; however, it could still be observed in the paraventricular nucleus. In the paraventricular nucleus, the double-labeled cells may be the origin of centrifugal visual fibers or autonomic premotor neurons. In the supraoptic nucleus, all double-labeled neurons are cells of origin of centrifugal visual fibers.

Presynaptic inputs to vasopressin neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 113784
Author(s):  
Hao-Hua Wei ◽  
Xiang-Shan Yuan ◽  
Ze-Ka Chen ◽  
Pei-Pei Chen ◽  
Zhe Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Vasopressin Neurons ◽  
Hypothalamic Supraoptic Nucleus

scholarly journals Estrogen Receptor β Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Forebrain of Proestrous, Pregnant, and Lactating Female Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 1869-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Gréco ◽  
Laura S. Lubbers ◽  
Jeffrey D. Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Medial Amygdala ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pregnant Females

Estrogen receptor (ER)β is present in hypothalamic and limbic neurons of female rat brains, but little is known about its regulation under physiological conditions. To determine whether ERβ expression varies during physiological conditions in which sex steroid hormone profiles are significantly different, we used in situ hybridization to assess ERβ mRNA expression in the periventricular preoptic area, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, and the posterodorsal medial amygdala of female rats on proestrus, on d 22 of pregnancy, or on d 10 of lactation (L10). In the periventricular preoptic area, d-22 pregnant females had fewer ERβ-mRNA-expressing cells than did females at proestrus, but the level of ERβ mRNA expression per cell in pregnant females was higher than in the two other groups. In the paraventricular nucleus, no changes in ERβ mRNA expression were observed; whereas in the supraoptic nucleus, proestrous females had fewer ERβ-mRNA-expressing cells than L10 females. In the posterodorsal medial amygdala, proestrous females had a greater number of ERβ-mRNA-expressing cells than did L10 females. These results demonstrate that ERβ mRNA expression is differentially regulated in a brain-region-specific and temporal manner under physiological conditions and suggest that ERβ may participate in the regulation of estrogen-sensitive reproductive functions in female rats.

Release of oxytocin and vasopressin by magnocellular nuclei in vitro: specific facilitatory effect of oxytocin on its own release

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Moos ◽  
M. J. Freund-Mercier ◽  
Y. Guerné ◽  
J. M. Guerné ◽  
M. E. Stoeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Magnocellular Nuclei ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei

ABSTRACT The release of endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin by rat paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in vitro during a 10-min period, 30 min after beginning the incubation, was measured radioimmunologically. Mean basal hormone release per 10 min and per pair of nuclei was: 128·4 ± 12·4 (s.e.m.) pg vasopressin (n = 15) and 39·0 ± 3·0 pg oxytocin (n = 66) for supraoptic nuclei from male rats; 273·9 ± 42·6 pg vasopressin (n = 11) and 34·2 ± 3·5 pg oxytocin (n = 15) for supraoptic nuclei from lactating rats; 70·0 ± 8·6 pg vasopressin (n = 52) and 21·8 ± 1·3 pg oxytocin (n = 68) for paraventricular nuclei from male rats; 59·1 ± 8·6 pg vasopressin (n = 10) and 27·0 ± 4·6 pg oxytocin (n = 16) for paraventricular nuclei from lactating rats. In male and lactating rats, both nuclei contained and released more vasopressin than oxytocin. For oxytocin alone, the paraventricular nucleus of male rats contained and released significantly less hormone than the supraoptic nucleus. This difference was not apparent in lactating rats. For vasopressin alone, the paraventricular nucleus contained and released significantly less hormone than the supraoptic nucleus in both male and lactating rats. When the hormone released was calculated as a percentage of the total tissue content the release was about 0·9% for oxytocin from both nuclei in male and lactating rats and also for vasopressin in lactating rats, but was only about 0·5% for vasopressin from both nuclei in male rats. The influence of oxytocin and analogues of oxytocin (including one antagonist) upon the release of oxytocin and vasopressin was studied. Adding oxytocin to the incubation medium (0·4–4 nmol/l solution) induced a dose-dependent rise in oxytocin release from both nuclei of male or lactating rats. A 4 nmol/l solution of isotocin had a similar effect to a 0·4 nmol/l solution of oxytocin, but arginine-vasopressin never affected basal release of oxytocin. In no case was vasopressin release modified. An oxytocin antagonist (1 μmol/l solution) significantly reduced basal oxytocin release and blocked the stimulatory effect normally induced by exogenous oxytocin, as did gallopamil hydrochloride (D600, 10 μmol/l solution), a Ca2+ channel blocker, or incubation in a Ca2+-free medium. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature on the central effects of neurohypophysial peptides. It may be concluded that the regulatory role of endogenous oxytocin in the hypothalamus on the milk-ejection reflex could result from its local release in the extracellular spaces of magnocellular nuclei. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 63–72

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETION AND THE CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (I) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kivalo ◽  
U. K. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hypothalamic Cells ◽  
The One ◽  
Hypophysial Portal ◽  
Acth Release

ABSTRACT Acute stress, chronic stress plus hydration, cortisone treatment, cortisone treatment plus dehydration were used as methods of investigation and the relation between the neurosecretory activity of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus and the neurosecretory material around the hypophysial portal vessels of the median eminence on the one hand and the corticotrophin release on the other hand, has been studied in the rat. Whereas stress stimulates both the activity of the above mentioned cells of the hypothalamus and the ACTH release, stress plus hydration causes a depression of these hypothalamic cells but nevertheless causes a marked ACTH release. Cortisone inhibits the activity of the cells in the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus as well as the ACTH release whereas cortisone plus dehydration causes stimulation but inhibits the ACTH release. In some stress and cortisone treatment groups the variations of the neurosecretory material around the hypophysial portal vessels and of the ACTH release were found to show a correlation. It is concluded that the activity of the cells of the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus and the ACTH release do not seem to have any definite connection, whereas some observations indicate that the neurosecretory material in the region of the median eminence around the hypophysial portal vessels may have some significance in ACTH release.

Induction of c-fos and CRF mRNA by MK-801 in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Lee ◽  
Catherine Rivier ◽  
German Torres
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus

scholarly journals Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

2006 ◽  
Vol 573 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Panatier ◽  
Stephen J. Gentles ◽  
Charles W. Bourque ◽  
Stéphane H. R. Oliet
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Activity Dependent

scholarly journals Adeno-associated viral glutamate decarboxylase expression in the lateral nucleus of the rat hypothalamus reduces feeding behavior

Gene Therapy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Noordmans ◽  
D K Song ◽  
C J Noordmans ◽  
M Garrity-Moses ◽  
M J During ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Lateral Nucleus
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