scholarly journals Tamoxifen Improves Glucose Tolerance in a Delivery-, Sex-, and Strain-Dependent Manner in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M Ceasrine ◽  
Nelmari Ruiz-Otero ◽  
Eugene E Lin ◽  
David N Lumelsky ◽  
Erica D Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Strain Dependent

scholarly journals Tamoxifen improves glucose tolerance in a delivery, sex, and strain-dependent manner in mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Ceasrine ◽  
Eugene E. Lin ◽  
David N. Lumelsky ◽  
Nelmari Ruiz-Otero ◽  
Erica D. Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Control Gene Expression ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Strain Dependent

ABSTRACTTamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is widely used in mouse models to temporally control gene expression but is also known to affect body composition. Here, we report that tamoxifen has significant and sustained effects on glucose tolerance, independent of effects on insulin sensitivity, in mice. Intraperitoneal, but not oral, tamoxifen delivery improved glucose tolerance in three inbred mouse strains. The extent and persistence of tamoxifen-induced effects were sex- and strain-dependent. These findings highlight the need to revise commonly used tamoxifen-based protocols for gene manipulation in mice by including longer chase periods following injection, oral delivery, and the use of tamoxifen-treated littermate controls.

Mouse paternal-RNAs initiate pattern of metabolic disorders in a strain dependent manner

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzide Satir Basaran ◽  
Yagut Akbarova ◽  
Kezban Korkmaz ◽  
Kursad Unluhizarci ◽  
Francois Cuzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Strain Dependent

Host DNA repair response to oxidative damage is modulated by Trypanosoma cruzi in a strain-dependent manner

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106127
Author(s):  
Ester Rose ◽  
Aline Moraes ◽  
Tatiana Shiroma ◽  
Nadjar Nitz ◽  
Ana de Cássia Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Strain Dependent

scholarly journals Insulin forms amyloid in a strain-dependent manner: An FT-IR spectroscopic study

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1927-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Dzwolak ◽  
Vytautas Smirnovas ◽  
Ralf Jansen ◽  
Roland Winter
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Strain Dependent

Diversification of a fucosyllactose transporter within the genus Bifidobacterium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam N. Ojima ◽  
Yuya Asao ◽  
Aruto Nakajima ◽  
Toshihiko Katoh ◽  
Motomitsu Kitaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Heterologous Gene Expression ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Strain Dependent

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are natural bifidogenic prebiotics, were recently commercialized to fortify formula milk. However, HMO-assimilation phenotypes of bifidobacteria vary by species and strain, which has not been fully linked to strain genotype. We have recently shown that specialized uptake systems, particularly for the internalization of major HMOs (fucosyllactose (FL)), are associated with the formation of a bifidobacteria-rich gut microbial community. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that FL transporters have diversified into two clades harboring four clusters within the Bifidobacterium genus, but the underpinning functional diversity associated with this divergence remains underexplored. In this study, we examined the HMO-consumption phenotypes of two bifidobacterial species, Bifidobacterium catenulatum subspecies kashiwanohense and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum , which both possess FL binding proteins that belong to phylogenetic clusters with unknown specificities. Growth assays, heterologous gene expression experiments, and HMO-consumption analysis showed that the FL transporter type from B. catenulatum subspecies kashiwanohense JCM 15439 T conferred a novel HMO-uptake pattern that includes the complex fucosylated HMOs (lacto- N- fucopentaose II and lacto- N- difucohexaose I/II). Further genomic landscape analyses of FL transporter-positive bifidobacterial strains revealed that H-antigen or Lewis antigen-specific fucosidase gene(s) and FL transporter specificities were largely aligned. These results suggest that bifidobacteria have acquired FL transporters along with the corresponding gene sets necessary to utilize the imported HMOs. Our results provide insight into the species- and strain-dependent adaptation strategies of bifidobacteria to HMO-rich environments. Importance The gut of breastfed infants is generally dominated by health-promoting bifidobacteria. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from breastmilk selectively promote the growth of specific taxa such as bifidobacteria, thus forming an HMO-mediated, host-microbe symbiosis. While the co-evolution of humans and bifidobacteria has been proposed, the underpinning adaptive strategies employed by bifidobacteria require further research. Here, we analyzed the divergence of the critical fucosyllactose (FL) HMO transporter within Bifidobacterium . We have shown that the diversification of the solute-binding proteins of the FL-transporter led to uptake specificities of fucosylated sugars ranging from simple trisaccharides to complex hexasaccharides. This transporter and the congruent acquisition of the necessary intracellular enzymes allows for bifidobacteria to import different types of HMOs in a predictable and strain-dependent manner. These findings explain the adaptation and proliferation of bifidobacteria in the competitive and HMO-rich infant gut environment and enable accurate specificity annotation of transporters from metagenomic data.

An aniline-substituted bile salt analog protects both mice and hamsters from multiple Clostridioides difficile strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. Phan ◽  
Dung M. Do ◽  
Minh Chau Truong ◽  
Connie Ngo ◽  
Julian H. Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Careful Screening ◽  
Strain Dependent

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the major identifiable cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The emergence of hypervirulent C. difficile strains has led to increases in both hospital- and community-acquired CDI. Furthermore, CDI relapse from hypervirulent strains can reach up to 25%. Thus, standard treatments are rendered less effective, making new methods of prevention and treatment more critical. Previously, the bile salt analog CamSA was shown to inhibit spore germination in vitro and protect mice and hamsters from C. difficile strain 630. Here, we show that CamSA was less active at preventing spore germination of other C. difficile ribotypes, including the hypervirulent strain R20291. Strain-specific in vitro germination activity of CamSA correlated with its ability to prevent CDI in mice. Additional bile salt analogs were screened for in vitro germination inhibition activity against strain R20291, and the most active compounds were tested against other strains. An aniline-substituted bile salt analog, (CaPA), was found to be a better anti-germinant than CamSA against eight different C. difficile strains. In addition, CaPA was capable of reducing, delaying, or preventing murine CDI signs in all strains tested. CaPA-treated mice showed no obvious toxicity and showed minor effects on their gut microbiome. CaPA’s efficacy was further confirmed by its ability to prevent CDI in hamsters infected with strain 630. These data suggest that C. difficile spores respond to germination inhibitors in a strain-dependent manner. However, careful screening can identify anti-germinants with broad CDI prophylaxis activity.

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. E617-E623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Broca ◽  
René Gross ◽  
Pierre Petit ◽  
Yves Sauvaire ◽  
Michèle Manteghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Single Intravenous Administration

We have recently shown in vitro that 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile), an amino acid extracted from fenugreek seeds, potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. The present study was designed to investigate whether 4-OH-Ile could exert in vivo insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, intravenous or oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs, respectively) were performed not only in normal animals but also in a type II diabetes rat model. During IVGTT in normal rats or OGTT in normal dogs, 4-OH-Ile (18 mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance. The lactonic form of 4-OH-Ile was ineffective in normal rats. In non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) rats, a single intravenous administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg) partially restored glucose-induced insulin response without affecting glucose tolerance; a 6-day subchronic administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg, daily) reduced basal hyperglycemia, decreased basal insulinemia, and slightly, but significantly, improved glucose tolerance. In vitro, 4-OH-Ile (200 μM) potentiated glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin release from NIDD rat-isolated islets. So, the antidiabetic effects of 4-OH-Ile on NIDD rats result, at least in part, from a direct pancreatic B cell stimulation.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Different Candida Species

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alfarrayeh ◽  
Edit Pollák ◽  
Árpád Czéh ◽  
András Vida ◽  
Sourav Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Nuclear Condensation ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect ◽  
Strain Dependent

This study investigated the effect of CAPE on planktonic growth, biofilm-forming abilities, mature biofilms, and cell death of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis strains. Our results showed a strain- and dose-dependent effect of CAPE on Candida, and the MIC values were between 12.5 and 100 µg/mL. Similarly, the MBIC values of CAPE ranging between 50 and 100 µg/mL highlighted the inhibition of the biofilm-forming abilities in a dose-dependent manner, as well. However, CAPE showed a weak to moderate biofilm eradication ability (19-49%) on different Candida strains mature biofilms. Both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis after CAPE treatment were observed in certain tested Candida strains. Our study has displayed typical apoptotic hallmarks of CAPE-induced chromatin margination, nuclear blebs, nuclear condensation, plasma membrane detachment, enlarged lysosomes, cytoplasm fragmentation, cell wall distortion, whole-cell shrinkage, and necrosis. In conclusion, CAPE has a concentration and strain-dependent inhibitory activity on viability, biofilm formation ability, and cell death response in the different Candida species.

scholarly journals Modulation of Systemic and Aortic Nitric Oxide by Melatonin and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Isoproterenol Affected Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
pp. S109-S118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. CHAUDAGAR ◽  
C. VICZENCZOVA ◽  
B. SZEIFFOVA BACOVA ◽  
T. EGAN BENOVA ◽  
M. BARANCIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
No Release ◽  
Strain Dependent

We aimed to explore the effects of melatonin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on plasma and aortic nitric oxide (NO) levels in isoproterenol (Iso) affected spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar rats. Untreated control rats were compared with Iso injected (118 mg/kg, s.c.) rats, and Iso injected plus supplemented with melatonin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or PUFA (1.68 g/kg, p.o.) for two months. Plasma and aortic basal, L-NAME inhibited, adrenaline and acetylcholine stimulated NO were determined using Griess method. Plasma NO levels were lower in SHR versus Wistar rats. Iso decreased NO in Wistar while not in SHR. PUFA but not melatonin intake of Iso treated SHR increased plasma NO along with a decrease in systolic blood pressure. Basal aortic NO level was higher in SHR than Wistar rats and not altered by Iso. Intake of melatonin increased but PUFA decreased basal NO levels in Wistar+Iso and did not affect in SHR+Iso rats. Acetylcholine and adrenaline induced aortic NO release was significantly increased in Wistar+Iso but not SHR+Iso group. Melatonin intake increased Ach induced aortic NO in Wistar+Iso and SHR+Iso groups, whereas there was no effect of PUFA intake. Findings suggest that PUFA modulates plasma and melatonin aortic NO levels of isoproterenol affected rats in a strain-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Leishmania infection inhibits cycloheximide-induced macrophage apoptosis in a strain-dependent manner

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Donovan ◽  
Britta Z. Maciuba ◽  
Caitlin E. Mahan ◽  
Mary Ann McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrophage Apoptosis ◽  
Strain Dependent
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