THYROID HORMONE REGULATES VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (VIP) mRNA LEVELS IN THE RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

Endocrinology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 2221-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS P. SEGERSON ◽  
KAREN S.L. LAM ◽  
LUCINDA CACICEDO ◽  
NAOTO MINAMITANI ◽  
J. STEPHEN FINK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Mrna Levels

Posttranscriptional regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: increased message stability and nuclear polyadenylation accompany thyroid hormone depletion

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2624-2632
Author(s):  
D Murphy ◽  
K Pardy ◽  
V Seah ◽  
D Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Pituitary Glands

In thyroid hormone-depleted rats, the rate of transcription of the growth hormone (GH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is lower than the rate in euthyroid controls, and there is a corresponding reduction in the abundance of the GH mRNA. Concomitantly, the poly(A) tail of the GH mRNA increases in length. Examination of nuclear RNA from anterior pituitary glands of control and thyroid hormone-depleted rats revealed no difference in the length of pre-mRNAs containing the first and last introns of the GH gene. However, mature nuclear GH RNA is differentially polyadenylated in euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. We suggest that the extent of polyadenylation of the GH transcript is regulated in the cell nucleus concomitant with or subsequent to the splicing of the pre-mRNA. Experiments with anterior pituitary gland explant cultures demonstrated that the GH mRNA from thyroid hormone-depleted rats is more stable than its euthyroid counterpart and that the poly(A) tail may contribute to the differential stability of free GH ribonucleoproteins.

Differential response of neuropeptide Y, substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the rat anterior pituitary gland to alterations in thyroid hormone status

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Jones ◽  
M A Ghatei ◽  
S C Wallis ◽  
S R Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Mrna Content

Abstract We have compared the effects of thyroidectomy with those of thyroxine (T4) replacement and excess T4 treatment on neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat anterior pituitary, and compared these with the effects on substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Thyroidectomy produced large increases in the peptide content of NPY (335 ± 58 fmol/gland vs 15 ± 4 fmol/gland in controls), SP (581 ±90 vs 199 ±32 fmol/gland) and VIP (1386 ± 395 vs 417 ± 77 fmol/gland) together with large increases in the respective prohormone encoding mRNAs, NPY 21 760%±1290%, preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A; which encodes the substance P precursor) 1744%± 190% and VIP 680% ± 129%. Thyroidectomy together with T4 replacement produced an increase in both NPY peptide (426 ±72 vs 15 ±4 fmol/gland) and mRNA content 970%±156% of controls). The peptide contents of SP and VIP were not significantly different from controls. PPT-A and VIP mRNA levels were decreased relative to controls (31%±8% and 23%± 10% respectively). In intact animals treated with excess T4 (hyperthyroid animals), SP and VIP peptide contents were significantly reduced (55 ±13 vs 199±32 fmol/gland and 226 ± 24 vs 417± fmol/gland respectively) and the SP and VIP encoding mRNAs were also decreased (8% ±3% and 11%±4% respectively). In this group there was no detectable alteration in either the peptide or mRNA content of NPY. Thus, the response of pituitary NPY to thyroid hormone manipulations cannot be explained in terms of negative feedback physiology and is different from those of SP and VIP. The results suggest that the regulation of locally produced NPY in the rat anterior pituitary is complex and may be influenced by thyroidal factors in addition to T4. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 393–397

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Peptidylglycine α-Amidating Monooxygenase Expression in Anterior Pituitary Gland

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1497-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
L'Houcine Ouafik ◽  
Victor May ◽  
David W. Saffen ◽  
Betty A. Eipper
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Hormone Regulation

scholarly journals Ras-dva Is a Novel Pit-1- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Gene in the Embryonic Anterior Pituitary Gland

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Ellestad ◽  
Tom E. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Flanking Region

Glucocorticoids play a role in functional differentiation of pituitary somatotrophs and lactotrophs during embryogenesis. Ras-dva was identified as a gene regulated by anterior neural fold protein-1/homeobox expressed in embryonic stem cells-1, a transcription factor known to be critical in pituitary development, and has an expression profile in the chicken embryonic pituitary gland that is consistent with in vivo regulation by glucocorticoids. The objective of this study was to characterize expression and regulation of ras-dva mRNA in the developing chicken anterior pituitary. Pituitary ras-dva mRNA levels increased during embryogenesis to a maximum on embryonic day (e) 18 and then decreased and remained low or undetectable after hatch. Ras-dva expression was highly enriched in the pituitary gland on e18 relative to other tissues examined. Glucocorticoid treatment of pituitary cells from mid- and late-stage embryos rapidly increased ras-dva mRNA, suggesting it may be a direct transcriptional target of glucocorticoids. A reporter construct driven by 4 kb of the chicken ras-dva 5′-flanking region, containing six putative pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) binding sites and two potential glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding sites, was highly activated in embryonic pituitary cells and up-regulated by corticosterone. Mutagenesis of the most proximal Pit-1 site decreased promoter activity in chicken e11 pituitary cells, indicating regulation of ras-dva by Pit-1. However, mutating putative GR binding sites did not substantially reduce induction of ras-dva promoter activity by corticosterone, suggesting additional DNA elements within the 5′-flanking region are responsible for glucocorticoid regulation. We have identified ras-dva as a glucocorticoid-regulated gene that is likely expressed in cells of the Pit-1 lineage within the developing anterior pituitary gland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document