To examine the abilities of estrogens and progestogens to slow bone resorption and conserve bone in ovariectomized rats deficient in calcitonin (CT) or parathyroid hormone (PTH), nine groups of animals with 45Ca-labeled bones were studied for 12 wk. Rats were thyroidectomized (TX), parathyroidectomized (PTX), or given sham neck operations (Sham) and treated orally with either estrogen, 300 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol.kg body wt-1.wk-1; progestogen, 500 micrograms norethisterone acetate.kg body wt-1.wk-1; or placebo (Plac). The TX rats had parathyroid autografts and thyroxine replacement. In all surgical groups, estradiol (E2) and norethindrone (Nor) slowed urinary 45Ca excretion and conserved bone (P less than 0.001). However E2 lowered urinary hydroxyproline more than Nor. Total body Ca values (mg +/- SD) were Sham + Plac, 3,079 +/- 201; Sham + E2, 3,886 +/- 335; Sham + Nor, 3,567 +/- 459; TX + Plac, 3,123 +/- 159; TX + E2, 3,869 +/- 235; TX + Nor, 3,540 +/- 422; PTX + Sham, 3,067 +/- 249; PTX + E2, 3,775 +/- 414; PTX + Nor, 3,635 +/- 467. Importantly, E2 and Nor conserved bone as effectively in TX and PTX groups as in Sham rats, although the PTX rats had slower bone resorption and lower plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values (P less than 0.001) than groups with intact parathyroids. We conclude that the effects of estrogens and progestogens to slow bone resorption and conserve bone are independent of CT and PTH. These findings appear relevant to the pathogenesis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Vitamin D Status among Thai School Children and the Association with 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels
