scholarly journals Are some ophthalmoplegias migrainous in origin?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Lal ◽  
Louis Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy

The 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders replaced the term ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) with Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy (RPON) based on the presence of contrast enhancement of the involved cranial nerves on Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. We review our experience and publications concerning ophthalmoplegia, migraine, and RPON. Majority of cases of acute ophthalmoplegia are associated with severe migrainous headaches. A positive history of migraine, increased severity of migraine headaches before the onset of ophthalmoplegia, and the close temporal association between migraine attacks and ophthalmoplegia all suggest an important role played by migraine in the causation of ophthalmoplegia. Enhancement of the involved cranial nerves may be due to the neuro-inflammatory cascade associated with migraine. OM should be considered along with RPON in differential diagnoses of painful ophthalmoplegic syndromes.

Ophthalmoplegic migraine: From questions to answers

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 914-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ambrosetto ◽  
Francesca Nicolini ◽  
Matteo Zoli ◽  
Luigi Cirillo ◽  
Paola Feraco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine ◽  
Cranial Neuralgias

Introduction The International Classification of Headache Disorders classifies ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) under “cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain.” OM is diagnosed when all the following criteria are satisfied: At least two attacks fulfilling criterion B. Migraine-like headache accompanied or followed within four days of its onset by paresis of one or more of the III, IV and/or VI cranial nerves. Parasellar orbital fissure and posterior fossa lesions ruled out by appropriate investigations. In children the syndrome is rare and magnetic resonance (MR) shows strongly enhancing thickened nerve at the root entry zone (REZ). Method The authors review the literature focusing on pathogenesis theories. Results The authors suggest that ischemic reversible breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier is the most probable cause of OM and to include MR findings in the hallmarks of the disease. Conclusion OM is the same disease in adulthood and childhood, even if in adults the MR imaging findings are negative. In the authors’ opinion, OM should be classified as migraine.

scholarly journals Children migraine syndrome: Definition and classification through the time

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Knezevic-Pogancev
Keyword(s):  
Current Problem ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current

Introduction Even today, the migraine syndrome is not completely defined knowing that it does not have either clear laboratory correlate or objectively defining marker. There is a great number of differential diagnostic references to define and classify migraine headaches; from Galen to ICHD-II (International Classification of Headache Disorders), from September 2003. Migraine syndrome represents a current problem of both pediatrics and children *s neurology. The aim of this paper is to understand and define the migraine syndrome among children through the history of medical science, in order to enable the interpretation of the most acceptable defining and classification criteria of the children migraine syndrome. Definition and classification Sensory, vegetative and affective phenomena of migraine, recognizable only among people, with striking quantitative and qualitative variations depending on the patient, define the migraine syndrome of children in general. There are no completely reliable principles or guidelines which would enable the accurate, precise and quick diagnosis, or differential diagnosis of children's migraine syndrome. Vahlquist is the first one to give special criteria to diagnose children's headache. His criteria were invalid because of insisting on headaches being unilateral. Classification criteria for migraine in children were given by Bille in 1962, Prensky in 1976, Deubner in 1977, Congdon and Forsythe in 1979, Tomasi in 1980, Sillanappa in 1982, Kurt: and Barlow in 1984, Hockaday in 1988. 1HS classification was brought by consensus in 1988, and it was last modified in September 2003, when a consensus was reached about applying the ICHD-II International Classification of Headache Disorders. Conclusion Being insufficiently defined and incompletely etiologically, clinically and therapeutically clear, children's migraine syndrome represents a striking example of interdisciplinary, scientific, health, practical and clinical entity. The degree of interest in children's migraine syndrome is directly dependent on the level of social and health standards within the society.

scholarly journals P.025 Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S19-S20
Author(s):  
A Alawadhi ◽  
C Saint-Martin ◽  
M Oskoui
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unclear Etiology

Background: Recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy (ROCN), previously called ophthalmoplegic migraine, is characterized by recurrent episodes of headache and ophthalmoplegia of unclear etiology. Characteristic neuroimaging findings can support the diagnosis. Methods: A case report and review of the literature. Results: We present a 6-year-old girl with a past history of migraine headaches associated with retroorbital pain since 4 years of age. Family history is positive for migraine. She presented with a half a day history of left eye ptosis, 10 days post a resolved gastroenteritis which was associated with headaches. Examination showed only a left eye ptosis, pupil-sparing with no exotropia or diplopia. There was no headache. The rest of the neurologic examination was normal. Investigations showed normal blood tests and lumbar puncture. MRI head showed on thin cuts asymmetric nodular thickening (4mm) of the origin of the cisternal segment of the left oculomotor nerve, with corresponding homogeneous enhancement post gadolinium infusion. Clinical resolution occurred spontaneously within 48 hours. A review of the literature highlights focal thickening and enhancement of the affected cranial nerve, with resolution of enhancement post-acute phase. Conclusions: Focal thickening and enhancement of affected cranial nerve is seen in the majority of pediatric ROCN. These findings are best seen with thin MRI cuts and gadolinium infusion.

scholarly journals Isolated Spontaneous Midbrain Hemorrhage in a 14-Year-Old Boy

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (01) ◽  
pp. e5-e8
Author(s):  
Kim-Long Nguyen ◽  
Hyunyoung Kim ◽  
Laszlo Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Noncontrast Computed Tomography

AbstractIsolated spontaneous midbrain hemorrhages are rare because they are usually secondary to hemorrhages from inferior structures such as the pons and cerebellum, or superior structures such as the thalamus and putamen. While the etiologies are largely unidentified, the most common ones are vascular malformations and bleeding diathesis with hypertension being relatively uncommon. We report midbrain hemorrhage in a 14-year-old boy with a long-standing history of frequent migraine headaches and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neurologic examinations, noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested that the lesion likely affected the dorsal part of the midbrain. The neurologic symptoms improved following endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with the placement of external ventricular drains (EVDs). In this report, anatomical correlations to the case are discussed and previous reports of midbrain hemorrhages are reviewed.

Retinal Migraine Reappraised

Cephalalgia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Grosberg ◽  
S Solomon ◽  
DI Friedman ◽  
RB Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Migrainous Infarction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reversible Visual Loss

Retinal migraine is usually characterized by attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss associated with migraine headache. Herein we summarize the clinical features and prognosis of 46 patients (six new cases and 40 from the literature) with retinal migraine based upon the International Classification of Headache Disorders-2 (ICHD-2) criteria. In our review, retinal migraine is most common in women in the second to third decade of life. Contrary to ICHD-2 criteria, most have a history of migraine with aura. In the typical attack monocular visual features consist of partial or complete visual loss lasting <1 h, ipsilateral to the headache. Nearly half of reported cases with recurrent transient monocular visual loss subsequently experienced permanent monocular visual loss. Although the ICHD-2 diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine require reversible visual loss, our findings suggest that irreversible visual loss is part of the retinal migraine spectrum, perhaps representing an ocular form of migrainous infarction. Based on this observation, the authors recommend migraine prophylactic treatment in an attempt to prevent permanent visual loss, even if attacks are infrequent. We also propose a revision to the ICHD-2 diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine.

Headache attributed to intracranial tumours: A prospective cohort study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Valentinis ◽  
F Tuniz ◽  
F Valent ◽  
M Mucchiut ◽  
D Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Headache ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Intracranial Tumour ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Intracranial Tumours ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Between January 2007 and March 2008, we prospectively studied all patients operated on for intracranial tumours in our Department of Neurosurgery. Preoperatively, all patients were interviewed by a neurologist to collect headache characteristics. Measurements of tumour and oedema volume were made using dedicated software for magnetic resonance imaging studies. Tumour histopathology was established by histological examination postoperatively. If headache improved postoperatively, a diagnosis of ‘headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm’ was made, according to the 2004 International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of headache with potential risk factors. We studied 206 subjects. The prevalence of tumour headache was 47.6%. Intracranial tumour headache was non-specific and in most cases could not be classified by current ICHD-II diagnostic criteria for primary headache syndromes. Its prevalence varied depending on volume, location and type of tumour, as well as on the patient's previous headache history.

Lesions Found by Chance

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Dean M. Wingerchuk
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
History Of

A healthy 26-year-old woman with a history of episodic migraine without aura since age 12 years had a first-ever event of transient visual impairment. She reported to her neurologist that she “lost vision” for 15 minutes and described a “black blob” with a bright jagged border that moved across her binocular visual field and resolved without sequelae. Minutes later, one of her typical migraine headaches developed. Given the patient’s history of typical episodic migraine, the new visual event’s clinical characteristics were highly consistent with a migraine aura. Because of the new transient visual symptoms, the neurologist ordered brain magnetic resonance imaging, which showed several periventricular white matter lesions, including some that involved the corpus callosum and were oriented perpendicular to the septocallosal surface. The patient was counseled about the magnetic resonance imaging findings and expressed the desire to fully evaluate her risk of multiple sclerosis. The patient was diagnosed with radiologically isolated syndrome. The patient was counseled regarding the relevance of the magnetic resonance imaging findings and risk of future development of multiple sclerosis. She was not prescribed a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis. This patient has radiologically isolated syndrome —incidentally found magnetic resonance imaging lesions consistent with demyelination in a patient with no symptoms or signs suggestive of multiple sclerosis.

The History of Multiple Sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jock Murray
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents

This chapter provides an introduction to the history of MS. It explores the observations of multiple sclerosis that were made even before the disease was more formally framed and named by Charcot in 1868. It reviews how description of the disease advanced through the 20th century, and how classification of clinical disease types, development of various tests, and the advent of magnetic resonance imaging improved diagnosis. Early attempts at therapy are discussed and contrasted with the modern disease modifying agents that were introduced in 1993.

Hemangioblastoma of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. V6
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kiyofuji ◽  
Harry J. Cloft ◽  
Colin L. W. Driscoll ◽  
Michael J. Link
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Preoperative Embolization ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

A 60-year-old man with a history of four prior operations for a left cerebellar/middle cerebellar peduncle hemangioblastoma presented with hearing loss, imbalance, and ataxia (de la Monte and Horowitz, 1989). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a 3-cm cystic mass with heterogeneous enhancement in the same location. We resected the mass via reopening of the retrosigmoid approach (Lee et al., 2014). Left cranial nerves IV, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI were all well identified and preserved, and feeding arteries from the brainstem were meticulously coagulated and transected without violating the tumor-brainstem interface (Chen et al., 2013). Preoperative embolization greatly aided safe resection of the mass, whose pathology revealed recurrence of hemangioblastoma (Eskridge et al., 1996; Kim et al., 2006; Sakamoto et al., 2012).The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/3mZgY15xOZc.

scholarly journals Morel-Lavallée Lesions of Lower Extremity: A Case Series in a Tertiary Centre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Pandey ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Rakhi Chhikara ◽  
Rohit Kaushik ◽  
Lalit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Type Of Injury

Morel Lavallée lesions (ML lesions) are a rare degloving type of injury occurring after blunt trauma, usually in the peritrochanteric region and resulting into a progressive subcutaneous swelling. The current case series includes three patients with a history of trauma and development of rapidly increasing fluctuant soft tissue swelling during a time period of 18 months. Though these lesions are typically described in peritrochanteric region, two cases were encountered in the knee region. ML lesions were diagnosed precisely using Ultrasound (USG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) modalities and were managed accordingly. Classification of these lesions is paramount to enhance patient outcome and reduce complications.

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