SAFE ANGLE SCOPE FOR POSTERIOR ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL TRANSARTICULAR SCREW FIXATION
Abstract OBJECTIVE To study the technical parameters related to, and explore the clinical significance of, posterior atlanto-occipital transarticular screw fixation. METHODS Posterior implantation of Kirschner wires via the atlanto-occipital joint was performed on 20 dry bone specimens with complete atlanto-occipital joints. The angle of the Kirschner wire was measured on a postimplantation x-ray. Three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction of the atlanto-occipital joint of 30 healthy adults was performed to measure the simulative safety range for screw placement in posterior atlanto-occipital transarticular screw fixation. The procedure was then conducted on 12 fresh cadaver occipitocervical specimens. X-rays and 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction were performed postsurgery to verify exact screw positioning. RESULTS The ideal angles for screw placement were cephalocaudal angle in the sagittal plane of 53.3 ± 3.4 degrees, mediolateral angle in the coronal plane of 20.0 ± 2.6 degrees, a maximum allowable cephalocaudal angle of 74.6 ± 2.8 degrees (67.9–80.5 degrees), a minimum allowable cephalocaudal angle of 24.9 ± 1.9 degrees (22.1–29.4 degrees), a maximum allowable mediolateral angle of 40.5 ± 2.9 degrees (31.1–49.4 degrees), and a minimum allowable mediolateral angle of 0.7 ± 1.6 degrees (−4.1–5.9 degrees). Surgery simulation in the fresh cadaver specimens indicated that this safe scope is reliable. CONCLUSION There is a safe scope for the angle of the screw placement in posterior atlanto-occipital transarticular screw fixation. Posterior transarticular screw fixation can be safely performed for occipitocervical fusion fixation when utilizing careful screw placement.