scholarly journals Regulation of cochlear convergent extension by the vertebrate planar cell polarity pathway is dependent on p120-catenin

Development ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Chacon-Heszele ◽  
D. Ren ◽  
A. B. Reynolds ◽  
F. Chi ◽  
P. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
P120 Catenin ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity Pathway

TheXenopusreceptor tyrosine kinase Xror2 modulates morphogenetic movements of the axial mesoderm and neuroectoderm via Wnt signaling

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (22) ◽  
pp. 5227-5239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Hikasa ◽  
Mikihito Shibata ◽  
Ichiro Hiratani ◽  
Masanori Taira
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity Pathway

The Spemann organizer plays a central role in neural induction, patterning of the neuroectoderm and mesoderm, and morphogenetic movements during early embryogenesis. By seeking genes whose expression is activated by the organizer-specific LIM homeobox gene Xlim-1 in Xenopusanimal caps, we isolated the receptor tyrosine kinase Xror2. Xror2 is expressed initially in the dorsal marginal zone, then in the notochord and the neuroectoderm posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. mRNA injection experiments revealed that overexpression of Xror2 inhibits convergent extension of the dorsal mesoderm and neuroectoderm in whole embryos, as well as the elongation of animal caps treated with activin, whereas it does not appear to affect cell differentiation of neural tissue and notochord. Interestingly, mutant constructs in which the kinase domain was point-mutated or deleted (named Xror2-TM) also inhibited convergent extension, and did not counteract the wild-type, suggesting that the ectodomain of Xror2 per se has activities that may be modulated by the intracellular domain. In relation to Wnt signaling for planar cell polarity, we observed: (1) the Frizzled-like domain in the ectodomain is required for the activity of wild-type Xror2 and Xror2-TM; (2) co-expression of Xror2 with Xwnt11, Xfz7, or both,synergistically inhibits convergent extension in embryos; (3) inhibition of elongation by Xror2 in activin-treated animal caps is reversed by co-expression of a dominant negative form of Cdc42 that has been suggested to mediate the planar cell polarity pathway of Wnt; and (4) the ectodomain of Xror2 interacts with Xwnts in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. These results suggest that Xror2 cooperates with Wnts to regulate convergent extension of the axial mesoderm and neuroectoderm by modulating the planar cell polarity pathway of Wnt.

scholarly journals Nucleoredoxin regulates the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway inXenopus

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Funato ◽  
Tatsuo Michiue ◽  
Takeshi Terabayashi ◽  
Akira Yukita ◽  
Hiroki Danno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity Pathway

scholarly journals Coupling Planar Cell Polarity Signaling to Morphogenesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 434-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Axelrod ◽  
Helen McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Cytoskeletal Reorganization ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cell ◽  
Cellular Asymmetry ◽  
Pcp Signaling ◽  
Unknown Signal

Epithelial cells and other groups of cells acquire a polarity orthogonal to their apical–basal axes, referred to as Planar Cell Polarity (PCP). The process by which these cells become polarized requires a signaling pathway using Frizzled as a receptor. Responding cells sense cues from their environment that provide directional information, and they translate this information into cellular asymmetry. Most of what is known about PCP derives from studies in the fruit fly,Drosophila. We review what is known about how cells translate an unknown signal into asymmetric cytoskeletal reorganization. We then discuss how the vertebrate processes of convergent extension and cochlear hair-cell development may relate toDrosophilaPCP signaling.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity: moving from single cells to tissue-scale biology

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (24) ◽  
pp. dev186346
Author(s):  
Marek Mlodzik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Model System ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Biophysical Studies ◽  
Cell Positioning

ABSTRACTPlanar cell polarity (PCP) reflects cellular orientation within the plane of an epithelium. PCP is crucial during many biological patterning processes and for organ function. It is omnipresent, from convergent-extension mechanisms during early development through to terminal organogenesis, and it regulates many aspects of cell positioning and orientation during tissue morphogenesis, organ development and homeostasis. Suzanne Eaton used the power of Drosophila as a model system to study PCP, but her vision of, and impact on, PCP studies in flies translates to all animal models. As I highlight here, Suzanne's incorporation of quantitative biophysical studies of whole tissues, integrated with the detailed cell biology of PCP phenomena, completely changed how the field studies this intriguing feature. Moreover, Suzanne's impact on ongoing and future PCP studies is fundamental, long-lasting and transformative.

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