The role of irradiated tissue during pattern formation in the regenerating limb

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
M. Maden
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Vertebrate Development ◽  
Regeneration Blastema

The amphibian limb regeneration blastema is used here to examine whether irradiated, non-dividing tissue can participate in the development of new patterns of morphogenesis. Irradiated blastemas were rotated 180° on normal stumps and normal blastemas rotated on irradiated stumps. In both cases supernumerary elements developed from the unirradiated tissue. The supernumeraries were defective but this did not seem to be due to a lack of tissue. Rather it suggested that this could be a realization of compartments in vertebrate development or simply reflect the limited regulative ability of the blastema. The results are also discussed in relation to a recent model of pattern formation.

Citral, an inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis, modifies pattern formation during limb regeneration in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Scadding
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum

While the effects of exogenous retinoids on amphibian limb regeneration have been studied extensively, the role of endogenous retinoids is not clear. Hence, I wished to investigate the role of endogenous retinoic acid during axolotl limb regeneration. Citral is a known inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis. Thus, I treated regenerating limbs of the larval axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum with citral. The result of this inhibition of retinoic acid synthesis was that limb regeneration became extremely irregular and hypomorphic, with serious pattern defects, or was inhibited altogether. I conclude that endogenous retinoic acid plays an important role in pattern formation during limb regeneration.

Symmetrical vascularization patterns in normal and retinoic acid treated limb regenerates of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Scadding ◽  
Andrew Burns
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Limb Pattern ◽  
Regeneration Blastema

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there were any asymmetries in the vascularization of the limb-regeneration blastema in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, that might be related to pattern formation, and to determine if retinoic acid could modify the vascular patterns of the blastema. We used acrylic casts of the vascular system of the limbs to assess the pattern of vascularization. We observed a very regular symmetrical arrangement of capillaries in the limb-regeneration blastema that did not appear to be modified by doses of retinoic acid sufficient to modify the limb pattern.

Gap junctions in the limb regeneration blastema of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, are not distributed uniformly and are regulated by retinoic acid

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-909
Author(s):  
Leigh-Anne D Miller ◽  
Melissa L Farquhar ◽  
John S Greenwood ◽  
Steven R Scadding
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Gap Junctional Communication ◽  
Junctional Communication ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Regeneration Blastema

Gap junctions are thought to play a role in pattern formation during limb development and regeneration by controlling the movement of small regulatory molecules between cells. An anteroposterior gradient of gap junctional communication that is higher posteriorly has been reported in the developing chick limb bud. In both the developing chick limb bud and the amphibian regenerating limb, an anteroposterior retinoic acid gradient is present, and this is also higher posteriorly. On the basis of these observations, we decided to examine the role of gap junctional communication in the regenerating amphibian limb. Gap junctions were observed in both the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, limb regeneration blastema and cardiac tissue (as a positive control), using immunohistochemical labelling and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The scrape-loading/dye transfer technique for tracing the movement of a gap junction permeable dye, Lucifer yellow, showed that in blastemal epidermis there were nonuniform distributions of gap junctions in both the dorsoventral and anteroposterior axes of the blastema. Retinoic acid was found to increase gap junctional permeability in blastemal epidermis 48 h after injection and in blastemal mesenchyme 76 h after injection. The potential role of gap junctions during pattern formation in limb regeneration is discussed based on these results.

scholarly journals Limb Regeneration in Amphibians: Immunological Considerations

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Mescher ◽  
Anton W. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Anuran Amphibians ◽  
Regenerative Growth ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Regeneration Blastema ◽  
Wound Epithelium

We review key aspects of what is known about limb regeneration in urodele and anuran amphibians, with a focus on the early events of the process that lead to formation of the regeneration blastema. This includes the role of the nerves and wound epithelium, but also covers the inflammatory effects of the amputation trauma and their importance for regenerative growth. We propose that immunotolerance is important for limb regeneration and changes in its regulation may underlie the loss of regenerative capacity during anuran metamorphosis.

Cell cycle controls and the role of nerves and the regenerate epithelium in urodele forelimb regeneration: possible modifications of basic concepts

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A. Tassava ◽  
David J. Goldhamer ◽  
Bruce L. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Regenerate Epithelium ◽  
Early Wound ◽  
Skin Epidermis ◽  
Wound Epithelium

Data from pulse and continuous labeling with [3H]thymidine and from studies with monoclonal antibody WE3 have led to the modification of existing models and established concepts pertinent to understanding limb regeneration. Not all cells of the adult newt blastema are randomly distributed and actively progressing through the cell cycle. Instead, many cells are in a position that we have designated transient quiescence (TQ) and are not actively cycling. We postulate that cells regularly leave the TQ population and enter the actively cycling population and vice versa. The size of the TQ population may be at least partly determined by the quantity of limb innervation. Larval Ambystoma may have only a small or nonexisting TQ, thus accounting for their rapid rate of regeneration. Examination of reactivity of monoclonal antibody WE3 suggests that the early wound epithelium, which is derived from skin epidermis, is later replaced by cells from skin glands concomitant with blastema formation. WE3 provides a useful tool to further investigate the regenerate epithelium.

The role of larval skin in promoting limb regeneration in adult Anura

1944 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Gidge ◽  
S. Meryl Rose
Keyword(s):  
Limb Regeneration

Role of Nuclei in Liesegang Pattern Formation: Insights from Experiment and Reaction-Diffusion Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 3669-3676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Itatani ◽  
Qing Fang ◽  
Kei Unoura ◽  
Hideki Nabika
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Simulation

scholarly journals The Role of the Prod1 Membrane Anchor in Newt Limb Regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Kaoru Nomura ◽  
Yasushi Tanimoto ◽  
Fumio Hayashi ◽  
Erisa Harada ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Membrane Anchor ◽  
Newt Limb

A monoclonal antibody stains myogenic cells in regenerating newt muscle

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Griffin ◽  
D.M. Fekete ◽  
B.M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Repair ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Minced Muscle ◽  
Regeneration Blastema

Monoclonal antibodies have been used to study minced muscle regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. The contralateral limb was amputated and the immunostaining patterns in the regenerating blastema were compared with the minced tissue in sectioned material. Staining with a myofibre-specific antibody, called 12/101 (Kintner & Brockes, 1984), showed that myofibre degeneration was complete by 8–10 days after mincing, with myogenesis commencing 2 days later. Another monoclonal antibody, called 22/18, previously shown to label a subset of cells in the regeneration blastema of the newt (Kintner & Brockes, 1984, 1985), was found also to recognize a population of cells in regenerating minced muscle. At 6 days after mincing, the number of 22/18-positive (22/18+) cells was low but by days 12–16, during the period of myogenesis, their number had increased to become a major population within the minced tissue. A small number of the 22/18+ cells could be double labelled with 12/101 at this time. Prior to this, there was a phase in which 12/101 staining had disappeared from the mince. Cells immunoreactive with both antibodies after this phase confirm that at least some of the 22/18+ cells are myogenic. The number of 22/18+ cells decreased as muscle repair and maturation progressed. These results show that 22/18 is not specifically associated with blastemal cells but is a more general marker for regenerating systems in the newt. They further suggest an alternative interpretation of the double-labelled cells used by Kintner & Brockes (1984) as evidence for myofibre dedifferentiation in limb regeneration. Instead, we propose that such cells represent new myogenesis occurring by tissue repair of locally damaged muscle fibres.

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