The Morphology of the Golgi Bodies with Reference to Secretion in the Liver-cells of the Slug, Anadenus Altivagus, as seen under the Phase-Contrast Microscope

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
RAJINDER RISHI
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Dark Contrast

Golgi bodies in the living liver-cells of the slug, Anadenus altivagus, exist in two forms: (a) homogeneous granules or spheres of dark contrast, and (b) spheres showing a duplex structure with a light greyish internum and a dark externum, which may be single or composite. The greyish internum of these duplex spheroids grows into the secretory granules, the dark externum disappearing in the process of growth. Mitochondria appear as fibres of light greyish contrast with a dark granule at each tip. This dark granule disassociates itself from the mitochondrion and forms the Golgi granule of dark contrast--the Golgi ‘pre-substance’. The Golgi pre-substance, stainable with neutral red, forms the Golgi spheroids.

The Morphology and Origin of the Golgi Bodies and their Role in the Secretion of the Acrosome in the Spermatogenesis of Pulmonate Gastropods as Determined in the Living Material by Phase-contrast Microscopy

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (39) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
VISHWA NATH ◽  
BRIJ L. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Spermatid Nucleus ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Dark Contrast

In this paper are embodied our observations on the morphology, origin, and role of the Golgi bodies in the spermatogenesis of the slug, Anadenus altivagus, and the snail, Euaustenia cassida. Living cells have been studied under the phase-contrast microscope and photomicrographed. In the juxta-nuclear Golgi region in primary spermatocytes the Golgi bodies exist in the form of (1) granules and rods of dark contrast, (2) spheres of pale contrast, and (3) spheroids showing a duplex structure, each consisting of a sphere of pale contrast and an incomplete or complete cortex or sheath of dark contrast. The Golgi spheroids have been shown to arise three times in the course of spermatogenesis from the mitochondrial granules by a process of alignment. The acrosome is formed from a cap of tiny acrosomal granules, which are deposited in front of the spermatid nucleus by the Golgi bodies (acroblasts).

The Effects of Single Doses of Pilocarpine and of Histamine upon the Granules of Oxyntic Cells of Rats, with Special Reference to their Phospholipine Content

1952 ◽  
Vol s3-93 (21) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
GORDON MENZIES
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Contrast Microscope

1. New data are presented on the morphology and cytochemistry of the granules of the oxyntic cells of the rat's stomach in continuation of work previously reported (Menzies, 1949). The effects of single injections of pilocarpine and of histamine on the granules were investigated, with particular reference to their phospholipine content as shown by Baker's acid haematein method. 2. Pilocarpine causes a marked enlargement of the granules with loss of phospholipine from the central part of many of the larger granules, and complete loss of phospholipine from others. The granules that have lost their phospholipine probably still contain lipoid as shown by sudan black. Pilocarpine also causes marked aggregation of the granules. 3. Histamine causes a less marked increase in granule size and no observable loss of phospholipine, but some of the granules became elongated, an effect that can be seen with the phase-contrast microscope, and there is a tendency for them to recede to the peripheral parts of the cells associated with an enlargement of the intracellular canals. 4. Both pilocarpine and histamine result in some enlargement of the oxyntic cells, the effect being more marked with pilocarpine. 5. Neither pilocarpine nor histamine alters the size or shape of the non-lipoid moiety of the granules. 6. Supravital colouring with neutral red shows a few droplets in oxyntic cells in the bases of the gastric glands. These enlarge slightly after histamine and greatly after pilocarpine, and they are always spherical. It has not yet been possible to decide as to their exact nature.

Histochemical and Morphological Studies of Lipids in the Oogenesis of Pheretima posthuma

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (48) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
VISHWA NATH ◽  
BRIJ L. GUPTA ◽  
S. L. MANOCHA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Interference Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Second Category

A study of the oocytes of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, examined fresh under the phase-contrast and interference microscopes as well as by histochemical techniques, has revealed that there are two types of lipid bodies in the cytoplasm. The lipid bodies of the first type (L1) are smaller, appear as homogeneous, dark granules under the phase-contrast microscope, and have a protein-phospholipid core surrounded by a thick sheath of phospholipids only. The lipid bodies of the second category (L2), which arise as a result of growth and chemical change in L1 bodies, have a pure phospholipid core surrounded by a thick triglyceride sheath. They give a ringed appearance under the phase-contrast microscope. The study under the interference microscope shows that this ringed appearance is an optical artifact. The lipid spheres present in the follicular epithelium contain phospholipids only. The mitochondria are in the form of minute granules. They remain unchanged throughout oogenesis. Some vacuoles devoid of any lipids, proteins, or carbohydrates have been observed. They also remain unchanged. Pure triglyceride spheres, yolk globules, nucleolar extrusions, as well as cholesterols and cholesteryl esters are absent.

Redescription of Neelus fimbriatus Bretfeld & Trinklein, 2000 (Collembola: Neelidae) from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4527 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
ELIDA P. MARÍN ◽  
JOSÉ G. PALACIOS-VARGAS
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Contrast Microscope

Neelus fimbriatus is redescribed using specimens from Colombia. Drawings and phase contrast microscope photos of the species are used. New characters are used as tibiotarsal tuberculate setae and abdominal ventral acetabula. 

scholarly journals The Formation of the Secretory Granules in the Liver-cells of the Slug, Anadenus altivagus

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (42) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
RAJINDER RISHI
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Lipid Granules

The process of formation of secretory granules has been studied in the liver-cells of the slug, Anadenus altivagus, in fixed preparations. The following conclusions have been drawn. 1. The secretory granules, which are non-lipid in nature, are formed by direct transformation of the lipid granules. The lipid granules assume a duplex structure during this transformation. 2. The lipid granules, which are densely packed at the basal end of the cells, seem to arise from the tip-granules of the mitochondria. 3. The mitochondria are fibrillar and each of them shows one prominent granule at each tip. The mitochondria as well as their tip-granules are stainable with iron haematoxylin after Regaud, whereas the lipid granules are not.

Methods of transplanting nuclei from single cultured cells to unfertilized frogs' eggs

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
J. B. Gurdon ◽  
R. A. Laskey
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Cell Method ◽  
Attached Cell ◽  
Contrast Microscope

Two methods of transplanting single nuclei from monolayers of cultured cells to unfertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis are described, illustrated, and tested. The detached-cell method is simpler and quicker to operate and is suitable for homogeneous populations of cells which are easily removed from the substrate on which they are growing. The other, attached-cell, method is technically more elaborate, but is applicable to cells whose properties can be individually determined under the phase-contrast microscope and to cells which are not readily dissociated from other cells or from their substrate.

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