scholarly journals Rapid increase in the partial pressure of NH3 on the cutaneous surface of air-exposed mangrove killifish, Rivulus marmoratus

2006 ◽  
Vol 209 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Litwiller
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the mangrove killifish Rivulus marmoratus I. The influence of environmental salinity and external ammonia

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Frick ◽  
P. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Water Gradient ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

SUMMARY At a field site in Belize, mangrove killifish Rivulus marmoratus inhabit hypersaline waters (up to 48 ‰) containing approximately 1 mmol l–1 ammonia. We tested the hypotheses that R. marmoratus modify their nitrogen metabolism and excretion (i) by accumulating free amino acids (FAAs) and urea in the tissues during hyperosmotic stress and (ii) by shifting to ureotelism and accumulating FAAs during hyperammonia stress. Urea excretion (JUrea) (but not ammonia excretion, JAmm) displayed a diurnal pattern, with significantly less (75 %) urea excreted at night than during the day in both laboratory-reared clones and wild-caught killifish. When fish were exposed to hypersaline conditions (45 ‰ sea water), JUrea was significantly reduced and tissue urea and FAA levels were elevated compared with those of control fish (15 ‰ sea water). When R. marmoratus were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mmol l–1 NH4Cl (pH 8) for 48 h, no differences were found in JUrea. Remarkably, prolonged exposure (10 days) to 5 mmol l–1 NH4Cl (pH 8) did not result in an elevation of tissue ammonia levels. In addition, tissue urea and total FAA levels did not differ between control and ammonia-exposed fish after ⩾4 days. We propose that the euryhaline R. marmoratus retain urea and FAAs within their tissues in response to extreme osmotic stress. In contrast to many ammonia-tolerant fishes, R. marmoratus do not shift to ureotelism during prolonged hyperammonia stress, nor do they convert nitrogenous wastes into FAAs. The data suggest that killifish continue to eliminate ammonia despite an unfavourable blood-to-water gradient, thereby avoiding accumulation of ammonia.

scholarly journals Genetic and growth differences in the outcrossings between two clonal strains of the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 976-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukino Nakamura ◽  
Koushirou Suga ◽  
Yoshitaka Sakakura ◽  
Takashi Sakamoto ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Kryptolebias Marmoratus ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

The populations of the only known self-fertilizing vertebrate Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey, 1880) (formerly known as Rivulus marmoratus Poey, 1880; Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae) usually consist of different homozygous lineages; however, heterozygous individuals are found occasionally and ratios of homozygosity and heterozygosity in populations are dependent on the proportion of males. However, it is still unclear what impact male-mediated genetic diversity has on the phenotype of K. marmoratus. To clarify this, we attempted outcrossing between male and hermaphrodite of two different clonal strains with different life-history traits using artificial insemination, and examined the genotypes and growth of the hybrid F2 generation. We detected genetic differences between the two clonal strains using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis with 3 primer combinations, and then obtained 11 AFLP markers. From a total of 31 artificial inseminations with two clonal strains, 1 of 13 hatched fish clearly indicated heterozygosity. The hybrid F2 generations were also heterozygous. Moreover, the growths of the hybrid F2 generation were intermediate of the parental strains from days 0 to 30. Therefore, outcrossing changes genetic architecture and the new genotypes potentially result in new phenotypes of the subsequent generations of K. marmoratus. It may also play a role in adaptation to new environments and the facilitation of local adaptation.

scholarly journals Early development of the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish Rivulus marmoratus reared in the laboratory

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vivian Camacho Grageda ◽  
Yoshitaka Sakakura ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

scholarly journals Characterization of diurnal urea excretion in the mangrove killifish, Rivulus marmoratus

2006 ◽  
Vol 209 (14) ◽  
pp. 2696-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Rodela
Keyword(s):  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the mangrove killifish Rivulus marmoratus II. Significant ammonia volatilization in a teleost during air-exposure

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Frick ◽  
P. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

SUMMARY The mangrove killifish Rivulus marmoratus can tolerate prolonged periods of air-exposure (>1 month). During these periods of emersion, we hypothesized that R. marmoratus would convert potentially toxic ammonia into urea and free amino acids (FAAs). In air-exposed fish, both ammonia (JAmm) and urea (JUrea) excretion continued at approximately 57 % and 39 %, respectively, of submerged rates. Remarkably, approximately 42 % of the total ammonia excreted during air-exposure was through NH3 volatilization. Ammonia did not accumulate in whole-body tissues of air-exposed fish, but levels of both urea and some FAAs (primarily alanine and glutamine) were up to twofold higher after 10 days. The activities of the ornithine–urea cycle enzymes carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and ornithine transcarbamylase increased (by approximately 30 % and 36 %, respectively) in whole-body tissues of air-exposed fish, while levels of arginase remained unchanged. The activities of enzymes involved in amino acid and oxidative metabolism were not significantly different between control and air-exposed fish. Partitioning of the anterior and posterior ends of immersed fish revealed that just over half (57 %) of the total nitrogen (ammonia+urea) was excreted through the anterior end of the fish, presumably via the branchial tissues, while emersed fish increased excretion via the posterior end (kidney+skin). R. marmoratus do not undergo a shift towards ureotelism during air-exposure. Rather, we propose that R. marmoratus are able to survive on land for extended periods without significant ammonia accumulation because they continuously release ammonia, partially by NH3 volatilization.

Gonadal Development and Sexual Allocation in Mangrove Killifish, Rivulus marmoratus (Pisces: Atherinomorpha)

Copeia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen S. Cole ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Rivulus Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Killifish

Metabolic effects of long-term exposure of dogs to a partial pressure of 60 mm. Hg CO2

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Pepelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Effects

The relationship between brain tissue oxygen partial pressure thresholds and microdialysis markers of ischaemia in traumatic brain injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S561-S561
Author(s):  
Jurgens Nortje ◽  
Peter J Hutchinson ◽  
David A Zygun ◽  
Pippa G Al-Rawi ◽  
Mark T O'Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Brain Tissue Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Partial Pressure

HIGH ALUMINA REFRACTORIES DEGRADATION AS FUNCTION OF OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE IN SOAKING-PITS FURNACES

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-575-C1-580
Author(s):  
E. CRIADO ◽  
F. J. VALLE ◽  
A. CABALLERO
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
High Alumina
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