Field performance of four vibrating-wire piezometer installation methods

Vibrating wire piezometers provide a number of advantages over the traditional hydraulic piezometer design. There are currently many methods and configurations for installing vibrating-wire piezometers, the most common being: single piezometers in sand packs (SP), multilevel piezometers in sand packs (MLSP), and fully-grouted multilevel piezometers using either bentonite (FGB) or cement-bentonite grout (FGCB). This study assesses the performance of these four different installation methods at a field site possessing complex stratigraphy, including glacial and marine sediments. To accomplish this objective, pore pressure data recorded between December 2017 and July 2019 were analyzed. Data indicate that SP, MLSP, and FGB piezometers performed most reliably, based on the fact that piezometers installed at the same depth with these methods recorded similar pressure variations that were coherent with the hydrogeological setting. Of the two fully-grouted installations using cement-bentonite grout, one installation failed completely due to a hydraulic short circuit, likely caused by preferential flow occurring along the wires of the embedded instruments. The lack of a standard method for mixing cement-bentonite grout at the time of construction likely contributed to the failure of the FGCB installations, as the grout mixture used in this study was likely too viscous to provide a suitable seal.

Analysis on Household Income to the Indigenous Aetas of Pampanga Philippines

Indigenous people (IPs) are the descendants of the inhabitants of a country or region. This study examines whether an indigenous group, specifically an Aeta community in Pampanga, undergoes Urbanization or not. Migration has been a part of the Aeta's history since the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, which forced them to move out from their original lands. Despite the Urbanization of the community, their culture and way of living remained the same and didn't change. The Aetas pass it on to their next generation, and due to this, they suffer from discrimination because of their way of living. To gather the needed data, the researchers reviewed various literature and studies to have an idea of how to construct the survey question based on LSMS and DHS. The study was conducted in Barangay Sapang Uwak, Sitio Pidpid, Porac, Pampanga, a home of an Aeta community. By looking at the field site, it shows that development and accessibility of urban amenities are difficult for them since it was evident to the researchers that education and some necessities are insufficient.

Pragmatics of Crime Ethnographies

This chapter lays out some of the “how to” of crime ethnographies, from its early planning stages to securing funding and institutional approval, going through ethics review, and arriving at the field site. It also provides an overview of the difficulties establishing and maintaining a presence in different criminological field sites, the ethical dilemmas involved in carrying out a crime ethnography, and questions about positionality that researchers have to contemplate. It further provides an insight into how ethnographic knowledge is produced in practice, from writing field notes to questions about if, when, and how to record to analyzing data and discusses questions of staying safe and when to leave the field.

A Tour of Gang Ethnographies: Key Themes in Contemporary Studies around the World

This chapter offers a review of recently published gang ethnographies across four continents. Historically rooted in the United States, today the gang phenomena as well as gang ethnographies are subjected to processes of globalization. Europe, Latin America, and increasingly the Global South are emerging as important field sites for ethnographic research. Contemporary unprecedented levels of international migration, displacement, and deportation of people shape current gang ethnographies and have led to reconfigurations of century-old debates. Global forces also push the traditional boundaries of ethnographic field site across nation-state borders and into the online world. In the past two decades, the nationality, gender, as well as the disciplinary background of gang ethnographers has also dramatically diversified. Nonetheless, the visibility of gang ethnographies is still highly dependent of an ethnographers’ nationality and linguistic skills. Here Anglophone researchers as well as ethnographers associated with countries that are more affluent and universities still have a clear advantage over the majority of scholars of the Global South.

Several features of growing Colchicum autumnale l. in the urban environment of Tashkent-Uzbekistan

For the first time, the collection of autumn colchicum was created at the experimental field site of the Tashkent State Agrarian University. In this paper, the issues of growing conditions for the growth and development of Colchicum autumnale l plant were deeply studied and investigated. It was revealed that the Colchicum autumnale l growth and development largely depend on the size of the corm and the type of soil conditions.

ANTROPOLOGIA GROBÓW CIAŁOPALNYCH CMENTARZYSKA DZIEKANOWICE 22

The article presents the analyses and descriptions of two graves in the Dziekanowice grave field, site 22 (dated back to the late 10th – the late 13th centuries) located on the eastern coast of lake Lednica, approx. 90 m from the eastern bridge leading to Ostrów Lednicki. The isle hosts a hillfort regarded a seat of the then ruler, the sedes regni principales. Within the gord, in the second half of the 10th century, a complex of residential and sacral buildings was raised: a baptistery, a palas and a church. The burial rite as of the late 10th and the early 11th centuries, which appeared in what is now Poland’s territory, is typically associated with Christianity encroaching the area. The issues under discussion, which are not fully explained, include both the ways in which the dead were buried before skeletal burials were introduced and popularised, the methods used to promote the changes, acceptance thereof, the rate and the prevalence of the new mode of burying the dead. In the course of extended excavations in the Dziekanowice 22 grave field, 1,665 graves have been discovered with preserved bone material, among them two graves where cremated bodies were laid (cremation burial). The graves have been dated back to the early Middle Ages (the time of the grave field’s operation).

An integrated approach to evaluating the effectiveness of infill drilling of the Ust-Tegusskoye field

The article considers the experience of using infill well patten in the territory of Western Siberia. The justification of geological and geotechnical factors affecting the efficiency of infill drilling with the subsequent use of a sector-crushed hydrodynamic model of the field site is given. With the help of the identified criteria, promising areas of infill drilling of wells are mapped, and it is established that increasing the detail of the grid of the hydrodynamic model makes it possible to clarify the localization of remaining oil in place. Based on the obtained results from the hydrodynamic model, variants of adjusted planned well count are compared according to accumulated and annual indicators. Thus, the infill well drilling program is optimized. The implementation of an integrated approach to the selection of sites for compaction drilling and the use of a detailed hydrodynamic model of this site allows to increase the production efficiency of recoverable remaining oil in place, as well as to level the risks of oil production.

Me, Myself, and iPhone

This chapter explores methodological approaches to the study of gig economy work through the deployment of the researcher’s smartphone. Set within the context of a covert ethnography of a delivery platform in London, the phone became a site to both experience work and record empirical findings in the workplace. Specifically, this chapter considers the sociomaterial construction and performance of the smartphone at work to highlight how its capacities and affordances shaped the empirical output. Critical reflections on the limits of the smartphone work alongside reflexive considerations of the researching self to position the researcher and phone as active agents in the research process; in which methodological decisions bear impacts on the nature of the empirical material produced. Of particular significance is the deployment of various apps, tailored to the needs of the field site and research to create diverse, multi-modal datasets, in addition to their synthesis into a coherent and curated ethnographic field diary for subsequent analysis.

Microbe-Mediated Mn Oxidation—A Proposed Model of Mineral Formation

Manganese oxides occur in a wide range of environmental settings either as coatings on rocks, sediment, and soil particles, or as discrete grains. Although the production of biologically mediated Mn oxides is well established, relatively little is known about microbial-specific strategies for utilizing Mn in the environment and how these affect the morphology, structure, and chemistry of associated mineralizations. Defining such strategies and characterizing the associated mineral properties would contribute to a better understanding of their impact on the local environment and possibly facilitate evaluation of biogenicity in recent and past Mn accumulations. Here, we supplement field data from a Mn rock wall deposit in the Ytterby mine, Sweden, with data retrieved from culturing Mn oxidizers isolated from this site. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are used to characterize field site products and Mn precipitates generated by four isolated bacteria (Hydrogenophaga sp., Pedobacter sp., Rhizobium sp., and Nevskia sp.) and one fungal-bacterial co-culture (Cladosporium sp.—Hydrogenophaga sp. Rhizobium sp.—Nevskia sp.). Two of the isolates (Pedobacter sp. and Nevskia sp.) are previously unknown Mn oxidizers. At the field site, the onset of Mn oxide mineralization typically occurs in areas associated with globular wad-like particles and microbial traces. The particles serve as building blocks in the majority of the microstructures, either forming the base for further growth into laminated dendrites-botryoids or added as components to an existing structure. The most common nanoscale structures are networks of Mn oxide sheets structurally related to birnessite. The sheets are typically constructed of very few layers and elongated along the octahedral chains. In places, the sheets bend and curl under to give a scroll-like appearance. Culturing experiments show that growth conditions (biofilm or planktonic) affect the ability to oxidize Mn and that taxonomic affiliation influences crystallite size, structure, and average oxidation state as well as the onset location of Mn precipitation.