Blood Acid-Base Balance in the Lugworm Arenicola Marina Ventilating in Hypo- or Hyperoxic Sea Water

1989 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ TOULMOND ◽  
CATHERINE TCHERNIGOVTZEFF
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Base Balance

The time course of variation in blood acid-base balance was examined in lugworms, Arenicola marina (L.), experimentally acclimated for up to 72 h in hypoxic (PO2 = 80 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), normoxic (PO2 = 160 mmHg) or hyperoxic (PO2 = 500 mmHg) sea water. In hyperoxic animals, a blood acidosis is entirely compensated 12 h after the beginning of the acclimation. In hypoxic animals, a blood alkalosis develops very quickly, persists and increases, reaching a maximum 72h after the beginning of the acclimation. In both cases, variation in blood acid-base balance is mainly of respiratory origin. These data are consistent with previous results showing that the lugworm hypoventilates in hyperoxic sea water and hyperventilates in hypoxic sea water.

The effects of enforced activity on ventilation, circulation and blood acid-base balance in the semi-terrestrial anuran, Bufo marinus

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald ◽  
R. G. Boutilier ◽  
D. P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance

Strenuous exercise results in a marked blood acid-base disturbance which is accompanied by large increases in ventilation rate, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Recovery to normal resting values follows an exponential time course with a half-time of approximately 2 h for all parameters except Pa, CO2 and ventilation rate. The latter return to normal by 30 min following the exercise period. Analysis reveals that there is initially a large discrepancy between the quantity of metabolic acids buffered in the blood and the blood lactate levels. The significance of this finding is discussed. Significant changes in the concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate and lactate, in both plasma and erythrocytes, accompany the blood acid-base disturbance. Chloride and bicarbonate appear to be passively distributed between the two compartments according to a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium whereas lactate only slowly permeates the erythrocyte.

Regulatory processes of metabolic and respiratory acid-base disturbances in embryos

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tazawa
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Control State

First, preliminary experiments were designed in the 16-day-old individual chick embryo to elucidate the effect of electrolyte infusion and blood samplings on hemodilution, which might influence the acid-base balance. Three kinds of hemodilution were observed: 1) hemodilution caused by four repetitive samplings, which had no influence on acid-base balance; 2) hypervolumic hemodilution caused by infusion of solution whose volume equaled about 5–6% of total blood volume, which induced dilution acidosis; and 3) hypertonic hemodilution caused by hypertonic electrolyte infusion, which also induced dilution acidosis. The embryo recovered from the hypertonic dilution acidosis in 6 h after infusion, but it did not recover from hypervolumic acidosis. Second, the time course of changes in metabolic and respiratory acid-base disturbances was studied in the individual embryo. Metabolic acid-base disturbances made by hypertonic NaHCO3 infusion were restored to control state in 6 h. Respiratory acid-base disturbances were also regulated in terms of changes in plasma[HCO-3] and pH. The renal function and redistribution of HCO-3 may in part be responsible for the regulation.

Acid-base balance during repeated cycling sprints in boys and men

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ratel ◽  
P. Duche ◽  
A. Hennegrave ◽  
E. Van Praagh ◽  
M. Bedu
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Repeated Cycling ◽  
Rest Intervals

The aim of this study was to investigate the acid-base balance during repeated cycling sprints in children and adults. Eleven boys (9.6 ± 0.7 yr) and ten men (20.4 ± 0.8 yr) performed ten 10-s sprints on a cycle ergometer separated by 30-s passive recovery intervals. To measure the time course of lactate ([La]), hydrogen ions ([H+]), bicarbonate ions ([HCO[Formula: see text]]), and base excess concentrations and the arterial partial pressure of CO2, capillary blood samples were collected at rest and after each sprint. Ventilation and CO2output were continuously measured. After the 10th sprint, concentrations of boys vs. men were as follows: [La], 8.5 ± 2.1 vs. 15.4 ± 2.0 mmol/l; [H+], 43.8 ± 1.3 vs. 66.9 ± 9.9 nmol/l ( P < 0.001). Significant correlations showed that, for a given [La], [H+] was lower in the boys compared with the men ( P < 0.001). Significant relationships also indicated that, for a given [La], [HCO[Formula: see text]] and base excess concentration were similar in the boys compared with the men. Moreover, significant relationships revealed that, for a given [H+] or [HCO[Formula: see text]], arterial partial pressure of CO2was lower in the boys compared with the men ( P < 0.001). The ventilation-to-CO2output ratio was higher in the boys during the first five rest intervals and was then higher in the men during the last five sprints. To conclude, during repeated sprints, the ventilatory regulation related to the change in acid-base balance induced by lactic acidosis was more important during the first rest intervals in the boys compared with the men.

Acid-base balance and blood and urine electrolytes of man during acclimatization to CO2

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Schaefer ◽  
G. Nichols ◽  
C. R. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Urine Electrolytes ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Acid-base balance regulation and changes in electrolyte metabolism have been studied in 20 subjects exposed to 1.5% CO2 over a period of 42 days with control periods preceding and subsequent to exposure. During exposure to CO2 a slight uncompensated respiratory acidosis was present during the first 23 days followed by a compensated respiratory acidosis. Deacclimatization was incomplete, even after 4 weeks of recovery on air. Arterial CO2 tension increased 5 mm Hg during exposure and remained at this elevated level during the first 9 days of recovery on air. In chronic respiratory acidosis the concentration of chloride in the red cells and in plasma remains practically normal, indicating that the chloride shift does not operate. Cation exchange was observed under these conditions. Sodium increased while potassium showed an approximately equivalent decrease. Sodium and potassium balance studies indicated that only sodium exhibits a pattern paralleling the two phases of acid-base balance regulation, retention being followed by increased excretion. Body weight was maintained throughout the experiment in spite of a 24–30% reduction in food intake. mild respiratory acidosis and compensation; 1.5% CO2 exposure and recovery; arterial pCO2, chloride shift, and cation exchange; sodium and potassium excretion; sodium potassium and nitrogen balance; acid-base regulation in chronic hypercapnia; time course in acid-base regulations during chronic exposure to low concentration of CO2; acclimatization and deacclimatization to low concentration of CO2 Submitted on July 22, 1963

Responses to Hypersaline Exposure in the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus: I. The Interaction between Ionic and Acid-base Regulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-445
Author(s):  
MICHÈLE G. WHEATLY ◽  
B. R. MCMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salinity Acclimation ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Hypocapnic Alkalosis

Haemolymph iono- and osmoregulation and acid-base balance were recorded after 48 h exposure at 15 °C to a range of increasing ambient salinities (0, 25, 50 and 75% sea water) in the euryhaline crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana). Except for K+, concentrations of all measured inorganic ions and osmolality were significantly elevated in 50 and 75% SW. When compared with ambient changes there was evidence of a transition from hyperto hypoionic regulation above 44% SW. Ca2+ was regulated for a constant blood-medium difference. A progressive reduction in total CO2 was recorded; pH was maintained except in 75% SW where a haemolymph acidosis developed. To permit calculation of CO2 tension (PCOCO2), carbon dioxide solubility coefficient (αCO2) and the apparent first dissociation constant of carbonic acid (p K'1) were experimentally determined in vitro. αCO2 decreased progressively with acclimation salinity but was unaffected by circulating protein. pK'1 decreased as a function both of physiological pH and increasing haemolymph ionic strength. PCOCO2 calculated using these empirical constants, progressively decreased with high-salinity acclimation. The resulting ‘hypocapnic alkalosis’ was partially offset by a metabolic acidosis, whose correlation with extracellular anisosmotic and intracellular isosmotic regulation is discussed.

Effects of water salinity on acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Whiteley ◽  
J.L. Scott ◽  
S.J. Breeze ◽  
L. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status

Extracellular acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans is influenced by water salinity, although the nature of this relationship is unclear. In euryhaline crabs, a decrease in salinity results in a metabolic alkalosis in the haemolymph and an increase in salinity results in a metabolic acidosis. Alterations in acid-base status by external changes in salinity are thought to be secondary to the adjustments required for ionic and osmotic regulation. In the present study, acid-base adjustments in the haemolymph of Eriocheir sinensis after transfer to 30 % sea water accompanied alterations in muscle pH and [HCO(3)(−)], as an initial acidosis coincided with an alkalosis in the leg muscle. By 48 h transfer, haemolymph pH increased as muscle pH and HCO(3)(−) declined. Haemolymph [Cl(−)] decreased significantly 3 h after transfer to a new steady state but haemolymph [Na(+)] and muscle [Na(+)] and [Cl(−)] remained unchanged. Muscle free amino acid concentration increased twofold 6 h after transfer, followed by a 2.5-fold increase in the haemolymph after 24 h. In contrast, 30 % sea water had no effect on haemolymph acid-base adjustments in the osmoconforming crab, Necora puber, which lacks ion and osmo-regulatory mechansims. Collectively these observations support the view that salinity-induced alterations in acid-base status are caused by adjustments consistent with cell volume regulation.

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