Acute Effect of Repeated Sprint Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction During Rest Periods on Muscle Oxygenation

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the effect of applying BFR during rest periods of repeated cycling sprints on muscle oxygenation.MethodsSeven active males performed 5 × 10-s maximal pedaling efforts with 40-s passive rest, with or without BFR application during rest period. BFR was applied for 30 s between sprints (between 5 and 35 s into rest) through a pneumatic pressure cuff inflated at 140 mmHg. Vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation was monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, blood lactate concentration and heart rate were also evaluated.ResultsThe BFR trial showed significantly lower oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and tissue saturation (StO2) levels than the CON trial (P < 0.05). However, power output and blood lactate concentration did not significantly differ between the two trials (P > 0.05).ConclusionApplying BFR during rest periods of repeated cycling sprints decreased muscle oxygenation of active musculature, without interfering with power output during sprints.

Replicative senescence dictates the emergence of disease-associated microglia and contributes to Aβ pathology

ABSTRACTThe sustained proliferation of microglia is a key hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), accelerating its progression. Here, we sought to understand the long-term impact of the early and prolonged microglial proliferation observed in AD, hypothesising that extensive and repeated cycling would engender a distinct transcriptional and phenotypic trajectory. We found that the early and sustained microglial proliferation seen in an AD-like model promotes replicative senescence, characterised by increased βgal activity, a senescence-associated transcriptional signature and telomere shortening, correlating with the appearance of disease-associated microglia (DAM) and senescent microglial profiles in human post-mortem AD cases. Prevention of early microglial proliferation hindered the development of senescence and DAM, impairing the accumulation of Aβ and associated neuritic damage. Overall, our results support that excessive microglial proliferation leads to the generation of senescent DAM, which contribute to early Aβ pathology in AD.

Initial testing of students as part of the training method for the skidder operator

Разработана методика первичного тестирования обучающихся на предмет приспособленности к работе с управляемым манипулятором по профессии рабочего 14269 Машинист трелевочной машины . Апробация методики проведена с использованием учебного стенда СГУ-ГПМ на базе Лаборатории сервиса лесных машин ФГБОУ ВО Поволжский государственный технологический университет . Приведенный анализ результатов исследования включает данные времени выполнения цикла перемещения груза для группы обучающихся. Установлено влияние количества повторений цикла работы СГУ-ГПМ на эффективность взаимодействия операторов с перегрузочным оборудованием. Доказано, что в процессе многократного повторения цикла обучающиеся усваивают основные навыки работы с манипулятором и запоминают функционал органов управления, как следствие сокращается время цикла и растет стабильность результатов за счет снижения разброса времени цикла. После стабилизации результатов на учебном стенде СГУ-ГПМ обучающийся получает устойчивый навык работы с органами управления и понимает особенности кинематики шарнирно-сочлененных гидравлических перегрузочных манипуляторов, что позволяет перейти к дальнейшим этапам обучения. A methodology was developed for the primary testing of students for fitness for work with an operated manipulator by worker profession 14269 Skidder operator . The methodology was tested using the training stand on the basis of the Forest Machines Service Laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volga State University of Technology . The analysis of the study results includes data on the execution time of the load movement cycle for a group of students. The influence of number of the training stand cycling on the efficiency of interaction between operators and handling equipment was established. It is proved that in the process of repeated cycling, students learn the basic skills of working with the manipulator and memorize the functionality of the controls, as a result, the cycle time is reduced and the stability of the results is increased by reducing the variation in cycle time. After stabilizing the results at the training stand, the student gains a steady skill in working with control devices and understands the kinematics of the articulated hydraulic overload manipulators, which allows us to proceed to the further stages of training.

Adaptive infrared-reflecting systems inspired by cephalopods

Materials and systems that statically reflect radiation in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum underpin the performance of many entrenched technologies, including building insulation, energy-conserving windows, spacecraft components, electronics shielding, container packaging, protective clothing, and camouflage platforms. The development of their adaptive variants, in which the infrared-reflecting properties dynamically change in response to external stimuli, has emerged as an important unmet scientific challenge. By drawing inspiration from cephalopod skin, we developed adaptive infrared-reflecting platforms that feature a simple actuation mechanism, low working temperature, tunable spectral range, weak angular dependence, fast response, stability to repeated cycling, amenability to patterning and multiplexing, autonomous operation, robust mechanical properties, and straightforward manufacturability. Our findings may open opportunities for infrared camouflage and other technologies that regulate infrared radiation.

Multi-functional nanowall arrays with unrestricted Li+ transport channels and an integrated conductive network for high-areal-capacity Li–S batteries

Multifunctional nanowall arrays with “all-in-one” capabilities in suppressing PS dissolution, improving Li+/e− transport and retention of its structural integrity during repeated cycling were designed to improve the cycling stability and C-rate performance of high-areal-capacity Li–S batteries.