Effects of sublethal and lethal copper levels on hemolymph acid-base balance and ion concentrations in the shore crab Carcinus maenas kept in undiluted sea water

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boitel ◽  
J. -P. Truchot
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Base Balance

Cl−, K+, and acid–base balance in rainbow trout during exposure to, and recovery from, sublethal environmental acidification

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Booth ◽  
G. F. Jansz ◽  
G. F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

A review of pertinent literature is provided. Previous research showed that fish exposed to sublethal environmental acidification have reduced blood pH, plasma [HCO3−], and [Cl−] and increased plasma [K+]. Simultaneous sampling from blood and water was used to characterize changes in Cl−, K+, and acid–base regulation in rainbow trout during a 5-day exposure to pH 4 followed by a 24-h recovery period at pH 7. At pH 4, there was a continuous loss of Cl− (49.8 μmol/kg per hour), and K+ (23.0 μmol/kg per hour) to the water. Blood ion concentrations did not change in a corresponding manner. Blood pH and plasma [HCO3−] decreased continuously owing to a net uptake of acid from the water. Recovery at pH 7 involved uptake of Cl− from, and loss of K+ to, the water. Plasma [K+] returned to normal but there was no significant change in plasma [Cl−] during this 24-h period. Internal acid–base parameters recovered much more quickly owing to a net excretion of acid into the water. The more rapid recovery of acid–base balance suggests that branchial acid–base and ionoregulatory mechanisms may be only loosely linked. The irregular changes in blood ion concentrations indicate that considerable ionic and osmotic exchanges between the plasma, the remainder of the extracellular space, and the intracellular space must result from exposure to pH 4.

Effects of Diphosphonate and Colchicine Administration upon Acid–Base Changes Induced in Rats by Bilateral Nephrectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Goulding ◽  
M. F. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Base Balance

1. The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and colchicine on acid-base balance were examined in intact and nephrectomized rats. 2. Both drugs increased extracellular hydrogen ion concentrations and depressed extracellular bicarbonate concentrations in nephrectomized rats compared with controls but did not alter these parameters in intact animals. 3. Intracellular hydrogen ion concentrations in the skeletal muscle of nephrectomized rats given EHDP were higher than those of control animals. 4. It is postulated that colchicine and EHDP inhibit skeletal buffering of non-volatile acids produced endogenously in nephrectomized rats.

Responses to Hypersaline Exposure in the Euryhaline Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus: I. The Interaction between Ionic and Acid-base Regulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-445
Author(s):  
MICHÈLE G. WHEATLY ◽  
B. R. MCMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salinity Acclimation ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Hypocapnic Alkalosis

Haemolymph iono- and osmoregulation and acid-base balance were recorded after 48 h exposure at 15 °C to a range of increasing ambient salinities (0, 25, 50 and 75% sea water) in the euryhaline crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana). Except for K+, concentrations of all measured inorganic ions and osmolality were significantly elevated in 50 and 75% SW. When compared with ambient changes there was evidence of a transition from hyperto hypoionic regulation above 44% SW. Ca2+ was regulated for a constant blood-medium difference. A progressive reduction in total CO2 was recorded; pH was maintained except in 75% SW where a haemolymph acidosis developed. To permit calculation of CO2 tension (PCOCO2), carbon dioxide solubility coefficient (αCO2) and the apparent first dissociation constant of carbonic acid (p K'1) were experimentally determined in vitro. αCO2 decreased progressively with acclimation salinity but was unaffected by circulating protein. pK'1 decreased as a function both of physiological pH and increasing haemolymph ionic strength. PCOCO2 calculated using these empirical constants, progressively decreased with high-salinity acclimation. The resulting ‘hypocapnic alkalosis’ was partially offset by a metabolic acidosis, whose correlation with extracellular anisosmotic and intracellular isosmotic regulation is discussed.

scholarly journals Acclimation to tidal conditions alters the physiological responses of the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas to subsequent emersion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Nancollas ◽  
Iain J. McGaw
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Submerged Conditions

Animals inhabiting the intertidal zone are exposed to abrupt changes in environmental conditions associated with the rise and fall of the tide. For convenience, the majority of laboratory studies on intertidal organisms have acclimated individuals to permanently submerged conditions in seawater tanks. In this study, the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas was acclimated to either a simulated tidal regime of continuous emersion-immersion (‘tidal’) or to permanently submerged conditions (‘non-tidal’) to assess their physiological responses to subsequent emersion. Tidal crabs exhibited an endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption during continuous submersion with lower oxygen consumption during periods of anticipated emersion, which was not detected in non-tidal crabs. During emersion, tidal crabs were able to buffer apparent changes in acid-base balance and exhibited no change in venous pH, whereas non-tidal crabs developed an acidosis associated with a rise in lactate levels. These results indicated that tidal crabs were better able to sustain aerobic metabolism and had lower metabolic costs during emersion than non-tidal crabs. It is likely that the elevated levels of haemocyanin exhibited by tidal crabs allowed them to maintain oxygen transport and buffer pH changes during emersion. This suggests that acclimation of C. maenas to submerged conditions results in a loss of important physiological mechanisms that enable it to tolerate emersion. The results of this study show that caution must be taken when acclimating intertidal organisms to submerged conditions in the laboratory, as it may abolish important physiological responses and adaptations that are critical to their performance when exposed to air.

Blood Acid-Base Balance in the Lugworm Arenicola Marina Ventilating in Hypo- or Hyperoxic Sea Water

1989 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ TOULMOND ◽  
CATHERINE TCHERNIGOVTZEFF
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Base Balance

The time course of variation in blood acid-base balance was examined in lugworms, Arenicola marina (L.), experimentally acclimated for up to 72 h in hypoxic (PO2 = 80 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), normoxic (PO2 = 160 mmHg) or hyperoxic (PO2 = 500 mmHg) sea water. In hyperoxic animals, a blood acidosis is entirely compensated 12 h after the beginning of the acclimation. In hypoxic animals, a blood alkalosis develops very quickly, persists and increases, reaching a maximum 72h after the beginning of the acclimation. In both cases, variation in blood acid-base balance is mainly of respiratory origin. These data are consistent with previous results showing that the lugworm hypoventilates in hyperoxic sea water and hyperventilates in hypoxic sea water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document