scholarly journals The mechanics of air breathing in gray tree frog tadpoles, Hyla versicolor (Anura: Hylidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. jeb219311
Author(s):  
Jackson R. Phillips ◽  
Amanda E. Hewes ◽  
Kurt Schwenk
Keyword(s):  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

scholarly journals Female preference functions based on call duration in the gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor)

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Carl Gerhardt ◽  
Steven D. Tanner ◽  
Candice M. Corrigan ◽  
Hilary C. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Female Preference ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Preference Functions ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Adaptations of metabolism for freeze tolerance in the gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Storey ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Charge ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Cryoprotectant Synthesis ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Biochemical adaptations allowing the natural survival of extracellular freezing were examined in the gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor. Laboratory-reared immature adults froze between −1 and −1.5 °C and survived 5 days of freezing at −2 °C as well as repeated rapid bouts of freeze–thaw. Measurements of ice content showed 41.5% of total body water frozen. Glycerol accumulated as the cryoprotectant in sexually mature adult H. versicolor (423 μmol/mL in blood) while both glycerol and glucose accumulated in immature adults (16.3 ± 6.8 and 25.9 ± 11.6 μmol/mL in blood, respectively). Cryoprotectant synthesis was freezing stimulated only and did not occur over long-term cold acclimation at 0 to 1 °C. Cryoprotectant synthesis was correlated with a 203% increase in liver total phosphorylase activity and an increase in phosphorylase a content from 40 to 60%. Activities of 15 other enzymes of intermediary metabolism were determined in liver and leg muscle; activities of most enzymes increased with freezing exposure as did soluble protein content. Survival of freezing depends upon anaerobic mechanisms of energy production in tissues. Frogs frozen at −2 °C accumulated lactate in liver and muscle. Energy charge dropped in both tissues and the creatine phosphate reserves of muscle were depleted.

scholarly journals Socially mediated plasticity in call timing in the gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Reichert ◽  
H. Carl Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Call Timing ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Contractile properties of muscles used in sound production and locomotion in two species of gray tree frog

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (22) ◽  
pp. 3215-3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

The sound-producing muscles of frogs and toads are interesting because they have been selected to produce high-power outputs at high frequencies. The two North American species of gray tree frog, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor, are a diploid-tetraploid species pair. They are morphologically identical, but differ in the structure of their advertisement calls. H. chrysoscelis produces very loud pulsed calls by contracting its calling muscles at approximately 40 Hz at 20 degrees C, whereas, H. versicolor operates the homologous muscles at approximately 20 Hz at this temperature. This study examined the matching of the intrinsic contractile properties of the calling muscles to their frequency of use. I measured the isotonic and isometric contractile properties of two calling muscles, the laryngeal dilator, which presumably has a role in modulating call structure, and the external oblique, which is one of the muscles that provides the mechanical power for calling. I also examined the properties of the sartorius as a representative locomotor muscle. The calling muscles differ greatly in twitch kinetics between the two species. The calling muscles of H. chrysoscelis reach peak tension in a twitch after approximately 15 ms, compared with 25 ms for the same muscles in H. versicolor. The muscles also differ significantly in isotonic properties in the direction predicted from their calling frequencies. However, the maximum shortening velocities of the calling muscles of H. versicolor are only slightly lower than those of the comparable muscles of H. chrysoscelis. The calling muscles have similar maximum shortening velocities to the sartorius, but have much flatter force-velocity curves, which may be an adaptation to their role in cyclical power output. I conclude that twitch properties have been modified more by selection than have intrinsic shortening velocities. This difference corresponds to the differing roles of shortening velocity and twitch kinetics in determining power output at differing frequencies.

Individual, nightly, and seasonal variation in calling behavior of the gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor: implications for energy expenditure

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Runkle ◽  
Kentwood D. Wells ◽  
Catherine C. Robb ◽  
Stacey L. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TREMATODE PREVALENCE IN GREY TREE FROG (HYLA VERSICOLOR) TADPOLES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Koprivnikar ◽  
Robert L. Baker ◽  
Mark R. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Factors Influencing

Excretion and conservation of glycerol, and expression of aquaporins and glyceroporins, during cold acclimation in Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R544-R555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Zimmerman ◽  
James Frisbie ◽  
David L. Goldstein ◽  
Jennifer West ◽  
Kevin Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Xenopus Oocyte Expression ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis accumulates glycerol during cold acclimation. We hypothesized that, during this process, gray tree frogs adjust renal filtration and/or reabsorption rates to retain accumulated glycerol. During cold acclimation, plasma concentrations of glycerol rose >200-fold, to 51 mmol/l. Although fractional water reabsorption decreased, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and, consequently, urine flow were <5% of warm levels, and fractional glycerol reabsorption increased. In contrast, dehydrated frogs increased fractional water reabsorption, decreased GFR, and did not accumulate glycerol. We hypothesized that expression of proteins from the aquaporin (AQP)/glyceroporin (GLP) family was associated with changing patterns of water and glycerol movement. We cloned the cDNA for three such proteins, quantified mRNA expression in nine tissues using real-time quantitative PCR, and functionally characterized them using a Xenopus oocyte expression system. HC-1, an AQP1-like water channel conferring low glycerol permeability, is expressed ubiquitously in warm- and cold-acclimated tissues. HC-2, a water channel most similar to AQP2, is primarily expressed in organs of osmoregulation. HC-3, which is most similar to AQP3, is functionally characterized as a GLP, with low permeability to water but high permeability to glycerol. Aspects of expression levels and functional characteristics varied between cold and warm conditions for each of the three AQPs, suggesting a complex pattern of involvement in osmoregulation related to thermal acclimation.

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