The Control of Changes in Peripheral Sensilla Associated with Feeding in Locusta Migratoria (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
E. A. BERNAYS ◽  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Maxillary Palps ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The electrical resistance across the tips of the maxillary palps is not affected by stimulation of the palps, but increases to the normal level found after feeding as a result of distension of the foregut with agar or injection of corpus cardiacum homogenates into the haemolymph. 2. No increase in resistance occurs if the posterior pharyngeal nerves or the frontal connectives are cut. 3. It is inferred that distension of the foregut stimulates stretch receptors which, acting via the posterior pharyngeal nerves, the frontal connectives and the brain, cause the release of hormone from the storage lobes of the corpora cardiaca. This hormone acts on the terminal sensilla of the palps, causing them to close and so increasing the resistance across the palps. 4. Release of the diuretic hormone is controlled via the same pathway.

Hormonal Control of the Malpighian Tubules of the Stick Insect, Carausius Morosus

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA E. M. PILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Stick Insect ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Carausius Morosus ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
The Brain

1. Urine secretion by isolated Malpighian tubules of Carausius is accelerated by a diuretic hormone which can be extracted from the brain, corpora cardiaca and suboesophageal ganglion. 2. The level of this hormone in the haemolymph varies according to the state of hydration of the insect. 3. The hormone is inactivated by the tubules, and a mechanism is proposed whereby the tubules might be controlled by the hormone in vivo.

Restricted occurrence of Locusta migratoria ovary maturing parsin in the brain-corpora cardiaca complex of various insect species

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Richard ◽  
M. Tamarelle ◽  
J. Girardie ◽  
S. Geoffre
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
The Brain

Morphology of the neuroendocrine systems of two larval blackflies, Prosimulium mixtum/fuscum and Simulium venustum

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Condon ◽  
Roger Gordon ◽  
Charles H. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cell ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Glandular Portion ◽  
Neuroendocrine Systems

The anatomical relations of the neuroendocrine systems of simuliid larvae Prosimulium mixtum/fuscum and Simulium venustum were examined histologically. The neuroendocrine system in the brain showed morphological similarities to culicids (viz., three pairs of cerebral neurosecretory cell clusters, one pair of nervi corporis cardiaci entering the corpus cardiacum glandular system). The retrocerebral glandular portion of the neuroendocrine system was comprised of a corpus allatum, corpora cardiaca, and surrounding peritracheal gland. The morphology of the blackfly neuroendocrine system is discussed in relation to those of other families of Nematocera and higher Diptera.

Pitch discrimination in locusts

1961 ◽  
Vol 155 (959) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Sound Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Metathoracic Ganglion ◽  
Tympanic Organ ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sound stimulation of the tympanic organ of Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria initiates responses in the tympanic nerve and these in turn stimulate a few interneurones which ascend the ventral cord from the metathoracic ganglion to the brain. Some of the preparations show the following evidence of pitch discrimination. The response of the whole tympanic nerve to a pulsed note of low pitch cannot be made identical to the response to the same pulse at high pitch no matter how the relative inten­sities are adjusted. A continuous note, which presumably adapts some but not all of the primary receptors, modifies the relation between pre- and post-ganglionic responses in a way which depends on the pitch of the continuous note. The relative intensities of a pure tone of high pitch (10 to 15 kc/s) and one of low pitch (0.5 to 2.0 kc/s) can, in a preparation showing only ‘on' responses, be adjusted so that there is a post-ganglionic response to the former but not to the latter, although the latter causes a larger response in the tympanic nerve. Certain large interneurones, identifiable by their spike height, do not have the same curve of threshold to pulses of various pitch as does the summed response from the whole tympanic nerve. The post-ganglionic response is, therefore, towards a selected fraction of the sensory axons. In each of the above tests the effects are small and pitch discrimination cannot be of great significance for the life of the animal.

Trehalose inhibits the release of adipokinetic hormones from the corpus cardiacum in the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, at the level of the adipokinetic cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C C M Passier ◽  
H G B Vullings ◽  
J H B Diederen ◽  
D J Van der Horst
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca

Abstract The effect of trehalose at various concentrations on the release of adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) from the adipokinetic cells in the glandular part of the corpus cardiacum of Locusta migratoria was studied in vitro. Pools of five corpora cardiaca or pools of five glandular parts of corpora cardiaca were incubated in a medium containing different concentrations of trehalose in the absence or presence of AKH-release-inducing agents. It was demonstrated that trehalose inhibits spontaneous release of AKH I in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 80 mm, which is the concentration found in the hemolymph at rest, trehalose significantly decreased the release of AKH I induced by 100 μm locustatachykinin I, 10 μm 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) or high potassium concentrations. The specificity of the effect of trehalose was studied by incubating pools of corpora cardiaca with the non-hydrolyzable disaccharide sucrose or with glucose, the degradation product of trehalose, both in the presence and absence of 10 μm IBMX. Sucrose had no effect at all on the release of AKH I, whereas glucose strongly inhibited its release. The results point to the inhibitory effect of trehalose on the release of AKH I being exerted, at least partly, at the level of the adipokinetic cells, possibly after its conversion into glucose. The data presented in this study support the hypothesis that in vivo the relatively high concentration of trehalose (80 mm) at rest strongly inhibits the release of AKHs. At the onset of flight, the demand for energy substrates exceeds the amount of trehalose that can be mobilized from the fat body and consequently the trehalose concentration in the hemolymph decreases. This relieves the inhibitory effect of trehalose on the release of AKHs, which in turn mobilize lipids from the fat body. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 153, 299–305

Changes in Chemoreceptor Sensilla on the Maxillary Palps of Locusta Migratoria in Relation to Feeding

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. BERNAYS ◽  
W. M. BLANEY ◽  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maxillary Palps

1. The electrical resistance across the tips of the maxillary palps of Locusta migratoria is high immediately after a feed, but falls to a steady level in about 2 h after feeding. 2. Only a small proportion of the individual sensilla on the domes of the palps respond to chemical stimulation immediately after feeding, but this proportion increases with the period of food deprivation. 3. Gentle manipulation of the tips of non-responsive sensilla causes them to respond. 4. It is suggested that the terminal pores of the sensilla can open and close and that the resistance across the tips of the palps varies inversely with the number of open sensilla. 5. The possible significance of the changes is discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of cells expressing Calcitonins A and B, PDF and ACP in Locusta migratoria using cross-reacting antisera and in situ hybridization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Adrianus Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Disulfide Bridge ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
Pigment Dispersing Factor ◽  
The Brain

This work was initiated because an old publication suggested that electrocoagulation of four paraldehyde fuchsin positive cells in the brain of Locusta migratoria might produce a diuretic hormone, the identity of which remains unknown, since none of the antisera to the various putative Locusta diuretic hormones recognizes these cells. The paraldehyde fuchsin positive staining suggests a peptide with a disulfide bridge and the recently identified Locusta calcitonins have both a disulfide bridge and are structurally similar to calcitonin-like diuretic hormone. In situ hybridization and antisera raised to calcitonin-A and -B were used to show were these peptides are expressed in Locusta. Calcitonin-A is produced by neurons and neuroendocrine cells that were previously shown to be immunoreactive to an antiserum to pigment dispersing factor (PDF). The apparent PDF-immunoreactivity in these neurons and neuroendocrine cells is due to crossreactivity with the calcitonin-A precursor. As confirmed by both an PDF-precursor specific antiserum and in situ hybridisation, those calcitonin-A expressing cells do not express PDF. Calcitonin B is expressed by numerous enteroendocrine cells in the midgut as well as the midgut caeca. A guinea pig antiserum to calcitonin A seemed quite specific as it recognized only the calcitonin A expressing cells. However, rabbit antisera to calcitonin-A and-B both crossreacted with neuroendocrine cells in the brain that produce ACP, this is almost certainly due to the common C-terminal dipeptide SPamide that is shared between Locusta calcitonin-A, calcitonin-B and ACP.

scholarly journals The hormonal control of diuresis in the cabbage white butterfly Pieris brassicae

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-575
Author(s):  
S. W. Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
Cabbage White Butterfly ◽  
The Brain

The diuresis which follows the pupal-adult ecdysis of Pieris brassicae is hormonally controlled. Use of the isolated Malpighian tubules as a bioassay shows the presence of substantial diuretic activity in homogenates of the brain and corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex. The hormone is probably produced in the brain and released from a storage site in the corpora cardiaca. The tubules of the butterfly are maximally responsive to the diuretic hormone at the time of eclosion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document