Paper 14: Brakes for Agricultural and Allied Tractors

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compromise Solution ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Differential Wear ◽  
System Selection ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mechanical Actuation

The need for greater stress on all aspects of the safety of vehicles on the road has imposed, and continues to impose, greater emphasis on the braking performance of agricultural and industrial tractors. In view of this emphasis, the braking requirements of these vehicles over a range of sizes have been examined in detail, together with the present known design parameters of the brakes themselves. Existing types of brakes are discussed. and comparisons are drawn with the annular piston-type brake that is emerging on the latest tractor designs, Actuation of the brakes is discussed and, again, comparisons are drawn between the mechanical actuation currently used and the various forms of hydraulic actuation necessary to simplify tractor layout and to obtain the compensation required by the high rates of differential wear which can occur due to the spin-turning operation. The fact that a high degree of versatility will be required in order that the vehicle operator will be able to couple a variety of trailers to his tractors will be an important factor in system selection. The need for correct apportionment of the braking efforts between the tractor and trailer is discussed in detail, to illustrate the complexity of the problem when balanced and unbalanced trailers are considered. Suggestions are made for braking ratios that give a compromise solution to the problem.

Modeling of Vehicle Magnetic Footprint in 3-D Space for Type Detection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Roussel ◽  
Hemanth Porumamilla ◽  
Charles Birdsong ◽  
Peter Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Dipole Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Model Matching ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
The Road ◽  
Laboratory Bench ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Study Laboratory

This paper presents a modified multiple 3-D dipole model to capture the complex magnetic footprints created by different vehicles on the road. In this study, laboratory bench tests were carried out to record the magnetic behavior of single dipole magnets and road tests were then conducted to record the complex magnetic behavior of vehicles. A preliminary 2-D modified dipole model similar to literature was developed and then expanded to a high fidelity 3-D multiple dipole model. An exhaustive parametric study was conducted to identify relevant design parameters for model matching. The 2-D model helped corroborate the results of laboratory bench tests using magnets and showed that the magnetic sensor was capable of identifying different sized magnets based on their magnetic footprints. Similar conclusions were made when applying the 3-D multiple dipole model to the experimental road tests. Different analytical functions were developed to help distinguish vehicle types based on their magnetic footprint. The analytical and experimental study conducted showed that vehicle magnetic footprint could be captured by mathematical models and that the magnetic sensor could be used to identify vehicle types.

Evaluation Method about Braking Force Utilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 910-914
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Cheng Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
On The Road

For the braking performance investigated when vehicle was on the road of different road adhesion coefficient, the match of ideal braking force distribution curves of front and rear wheels and front and rear arresters was studied. The concept of braking performance to reflect "braking force utilization" was introduced.The braking force utilization algorithm came out depending on the different matches. A light bus was chosen as an example. Vehicle braking performance under different road adhesion coefficient was studied in detail.At the same time, vehicle braking performance under different matches was studied with braking force distribution value changed. The results indicate that, braking force utilization appears first increased and then decreased with the increase of road adhesion coefficient.Along with the increase of braking force distribution value,the braking force utilization decreased on low adhesion coefficient road,then increased on high adhesion coefficient road.The method could evaluate the braking performance on the road of different road adhesion coefficient efficiently.

scholarly journals Theoretical Consideration of The Controllability Indicator of Machine-Tractor Unit Movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Valerii Adamchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Nadykto ◽  
Volodymyr Kyurchev ◽  
Ladislav Nozdrovický
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Given ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract The paper is focused on the issues of controllability of machine-tractor units based on wheel-type tractors during their non-straight driving on the soil surface, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon. There were obtained analytical expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of control λd, including both the power and the design parameters of the machine-tractor unit, which affect the abovementioned indicator in the longitudinal vertical plane. These expressions are obtained for the tractor driving on both road and also driving during field operation. In addition, the paper discusses the conditions under which there may occur the cross-slip of the tractor steering wheels in the transversal horizontal plane. As a result of this review, there were obtained the analytical expressions for determining the required indicator of the controllability λd of machine-tractor unit in the horizontal plane, excluding the possibility of lateral sliding of the unit by turning its steering wheels at a certain angle. These expressions are obtained for the two modes of the machine-tractor unit: for driving during transport on the road and during the operation in the field. The machine-tractor unit based on the wheel-type tractor with rear mounted 3-mouldboard plough was analytically investigated. By means of computer calculations, there was observed the fact that when moving in non-straight direction on the soil surface, inclined to the horizon at an angle of 12°, the machine-tractor unit is controllable only when the angles of the steering wheel of the given tractor do not exceed 9°. During the working movement (ploughing) of the given machine-tractor unit on an inclined field surface, its controllability will be preserved on condition that the angle of the tractor steering wheels does not exceed 11°. According to obtained results, it can be stated that the controllability of the machine-tractor unit is determined by the indicator of controllability, taking into account the value of the vertical load acting on the tractor steering wheels, the possibility of their turning in the horizontal plane, as well as the withdrawal of the machine-tractor unit from rectilinear motion and its movement on the field surface, inclined at an angle to the horizon.

An Investigation on Vehicle Active Suspension and Anti-Lock Braking System Coordination Control

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-jie Liang ◽  
Xiao-kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Model Control ◽  
On The Road

This paper made an investigation on the coordinated control scheme of vehicle anti-lock braking system (ABS) and vehicle active suspension. The objective of this investigation is to obtain the maximum braking force on the road and to minimize the stopping distance and meanwhile maintain vehicle directional stability and maintain ride comfort. The controller was designed by using the fuzzy model control theory and was implemented under the Matlab/Simulink software environment. A 7-DOF-vehicle model was used to consider the influences of the non-linearity of tire and suspension. The simulation tests were carried out in various conditions. The action of the ABS combined with active suspension and the effects of applied suspension force on braking performances were examined. The simulation results show that for a particular vehicle there exists an optimal application of the suspension force. Compared with an ABS system without combing active suspension, the proposed control scheme can improve braking performance significantly.

Measuring Driver Performance in Braking Maneuvers

1996 ◽  
Vol 1550 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger J. Koppa ◽  
Daniel B. Fambro ◽  
Richard A. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance

A simple, reliable instrumentation package with an on-board computer for installation in a test vehicle or the test driver's own vehicle is described. This package was used in a research project recently completed, an empirical investigation of stopping sight distance. Selected data on perception-response time (PRT) and braking performance under artificial and simulated on-the-road emergency conditions are presented. PRTs were less than the AASHTO assumed constant of 2.5 sec even at the 95th percentile. Braking performance in terms of steady deceleration was greater than −0.32 g at the 95th percentile.

Virtual Prototype Construct of Agricultural Tricycle Based on Driver-Tricycle-Road

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Xiang Han ◽  
Sha Sha Pu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Virtual Prototype ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Flexible Body ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Further Development

On the basis of the tricycle rigid virtual prototyping model ,flexible body virtual prototyping model with dynamic characteristics was constructed via the addition of tricycle parts mass, inertial characteristics, elasticity of elastic damping components and conditions about damping, road and tyres. With the driver control model joined the virtual prototype of the tricycle and real-time feedback and regulation operated on tricycle snaking phenomenon, then driving conditions of the actual tricycle on the road was accurately simulated. As the simulation results suggested, the tricycle rigid virtual prototyping model could be applied to acceleration performance, braking performance, vehicle riding comfort and other simulation analysis, therefore, ideas were provided in further development of design manufacturing technology.

Community Colleges: Vital Partners on the Road to Diversity

ASHA Leader ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly S. Chabon ◽  
Ruth E. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The Role of Crushes on the Road to Autonomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. JELLINEK
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Homoeroticism Beats Homophobia on the Road

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Manier
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

On the Road From Induction to Utilization

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (52) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Moss
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
On The Road
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