scholarly journals Theoretical Consideration of The Controllability Indicator of Machine-Tractor Unit Movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Valerii Adamchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Nadykto ◽  
Volodymyr Kyurchev ◽  
Ladislav Nozdrovický
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Given ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract The paper is focused on the issues of controllability of machine-tractor units based on wheel-type tractors during their non-straight driving on the soil surface, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon. There were obtained analytical expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of control λd, including both the power and the design parameters of the machine-tractor unit, which affect the abovementioned indicator in the longitudinal vertical plane. These expressions are obtained for the tractor driving on both road and also driving during field operation. In addition, the paper discusses the conditions under which there may occur the cross-slip of the tractor steering wheels in the transversal horizontal plane. As a result of this review, there were obtained the analytical expressions for determining the required indicator of the controllability λd of machine-tractor unit in the horizontal plane, excluding the possibility of lateral sliding of the unit by turning its steering wheels at a certain angle. These expressions are obtained for the two modes of the machine-tractor unit: for driving during transport on the road and during the operation in the field. The machine-tractor unit based on the wheel-type tractor with rear mounted 3-mouldboard plough was analytically investigated. By means of computer calculations, there was observed the fact that when moving in non-straight direction on the soil surface, inclined to the horizon at an angle of 12°, the machine-tractor unit is controllable only when the angles of the steering wheel of the given tractor do not exceed 9°. During the working movement (ploughing) of the given machine-tractor unit on an inclined field surface, its controllability will be preserved on condition that the angle of the tractor steering wheels does not exceed 11°. According to obtained results, it can be stated that the controllability of the machine-tractor unit is determined by the indicator of controllability, taking into account the value of the vertical load acting on the tractor steering wheels, the possibility of their turning in the horizontal plane, as well as the withdrawal of the machine-tractor unit from rectilinear motion and its movement on the field surface, inclined at an angle to the horizon.

Modeling of Vehicle Magnetic Footprint in 3-D Space for Type Detection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Roussel ◽  
Hemanth Porumamilla ◽  
Charles Birdsong ◽  
Peter Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Dipole Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Model Matching ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
The Road ◽  
Laboratory Bench ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Study Laboratory

This paper presents a modified multiple 3-D dipole model to capture the complex magnetic footprints created by different vehicles on the road. In this study, laboratory bench tests were carried out to record the magnetic behavior of single dipole magnets and road tests were then conducted to record the complex magnetic behavior of vehicles. A preliminary 2-D modified dipole model similar to literature was developed and then expanded to a high fidelity 3-D multiple dipole model. An exhaustive parametric study was conducted to identify relevant design parameters for model matching. The 2-D model helped corroborate the results of laboratory bench tests using magnets and showed that the magnetic sensor was capable of identifying different sized magnets based on their magnetic footprints. Similar conclusions were made when applying the 3-D multiple dipole model to the experimental road tests. Different analytical functions were developed to help distinguish vehicle types based on their magnetic footprint. The analytical and experimental study conducted showed that vehicle magnetic footprint could be captured by mathematical models and that the magnetic sensor could be used to identify vehicle types.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Steering Gear Mechanism with Movable Headlights Using Embedded Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Kemparaju C.R. ◽  
Mohammed Nabeel Ahmed ◽  
B Meghanath ◽  
Mayur Laxman Kesarkar ◽  
Manoj DR
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
The Road ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Individual

The main aim of any design must not solely be targeted on customer satisfaction however conjointly customer safety following this the amount of accidents are witness solely because of poor lighting facilities provided in automobiles on curved road static headlights are insufficient since they point tangential it along any point of curve instead of pointing in the vehicles direction so to avoid this problem steering controlled headlamp system has been projected which might hopefully flip out to be a boon to the individual driving through the sinusoidal roads throughout night times. Special safety features are built into cars for years some for the security of car’s occupants only, and some for the security of others. One among the alternatives available in design and fabrication of steering controlled headlight system. car safety is important to avoid automobile accidents or to minimise the harmful effect of accidents, especially as concerning human life and health. automobiles are controlled by incorporating steering controlled headlight mechanism. The Ackerman steering mechanism helps the motive force to guide the moving vehicles calls on the road by turning it right or left consistent with his needs thus a combination of the steering system and embedded system link kills the headlights within the direction as per the rotation of the steering wheel. this mechanism has been incorporated in BMW, Audi Q-7 and Benz etc., to make sure a safer drive, but our main aim is to implement the system in all vehicles at lower cost.

scholarly journals Overview of approaches to driver fatigue recognition and existing technical solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Ya.D. Saprykin ◽  
◽  
V.I. Ryazantsev ◽  
A.A. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Driver Fatigue ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article analyzes the existing methods for determining the driver's condition. Driving in a state of fatigue, according to various statistics, is the cause of a large number of road traffic accidents (RTA). The percentage of accidents in Russia associated with the driver falling asleep while driving in 2018 is about 20%, in the USA the number of accidents for the same reason reaches 100,000 per year. The aim of the work is to review existing approaches to recognizing driver fatigue and existing technical solutions in this area. The article discusses such approaches as fatigue recognition based on the physiological state of the driver, recognition based on the driver's behavior, namely his speech and visual signs while driving, fatigue determination based on the nature of the vehicle's movement on the road and based on the driver's actions on the controls, the approaches based on the subjective assessment of the driver's condition. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches were analyzed. The paper also provides an overview of existing fatigue recognition systems from various manufacturers that are currently used on vehicles and are designed to warn the driver of impending fatigue. It was revealed that in modern conditions of road transport operation, the most optimal approaches to fatigue recognition are based on an assessment of the driver's impact on the steering wheel, visual signs of driver fatigue and the nature of the vehicle's movement on the road, therefore, it is proposed to further focus on these methods.

scholarly journals The Study of Movement of the Wide Span Tractor-Based Field Machine Unit with Power Method of its Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Volodymyr Kuvachov ◽  
Ladislav Nozdrovický ◽  
Pavol Findura ◽  
Stanislav Smolinskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Linear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Abstract Recently, rapid development of controlled traffic farming convincingly demonstrates the broad prospects of using the wide span tractor-based field machines throughout the world. The issue at hand lies in the fact that having a wide span tractor-based machine with steering-wheel system moving along the tracks of a constant technological track is not a rational option. According to the concept of bridge and rutting agriculture, it is advisable to subordinate the automated means of mechanization to the principles of the functioning of the coordinate transport system in which machines can move only in two mutually perpendicular directions and for implementation of which the field must have strictly defined dimensions. Therefore, a method of power steering similar to a crawler tractor (track-type tractor) can be more efficient in the automatic driving of bridge means of mechanization within the coordinate-transport system than a kinematic control. Furthermore, methodology utilized for selection of design schemes, parameters and operating modes of machine-tractor aggregates can not be used for study of dynamics of the wide span tractor-based field machine. Theoretical study is based on theoretical mechanics, theory of mobile energy facilities, statistical dynamics and theory of automatic control of linear dynamical systems with reproduction of statistically random control and disturbing input effects. Purpose of the research lies in development of a dynamic model of plane parallel motion in the horizontal plane of a wide span tractor-based field machine unit using a power (onboard) method of control, which would allow investigation of impacts of the control parameters and disturbing influences on the controllability and stability of its motion. Mathematical models have been developed and new regularities of the straightforward parallel movement of the wide span tractor-based field machine unit for controlled traffic farming have been obtained. The results obtained allow the validation of new schemes, design parameters and modes of operation with acceptable controllability and stability of movement in the horizontal plane with a power control method of the chassis.

scholarly journals SSW: Smart Steering Wheel for Real-Time Heart Rate Monitoring of Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3040-3043
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Rescue Team ◽  
On The Road

It’s very hard to know that Over 467,044 accidents took place specifically on the road in our country in 2018 as per a report revealed by the MoRTH recently. Rapid increasing in numbers of vehicles on the road, stress level of drivers in traffic and even lethargic driving are few reasons for road accidents. Unfortunately, sudden heart attacks of drivers also a reason behind some road accidents; this can be preventable. During driving, monitoring heart rate is not a big deal in today’s hi-tech world. Health monitoring while driving is not only important in daily healthcare, also a prevention of bus accidents. Here the proposed work is designing a smart steering wheel based on the technology so-called the Internet of Things (IoT) that monitors the heart rate and foresees the onslaught of fatigue of a driver; also it shares the location to the rescue team. Pulse sensor, GPS and GSM modules are conjoined into the steering wheel. The setup once it gets powered-up, which transmits the data of a driver’s health condition and get stored in the cloud environment. By this approach, the steering wheel gives the real-time based monitoring. Therefore this work is aiming for the development of a system which includes multiple sensors incorporated with the steering wheel which is capable to measure the pulse rate and alert the rescue team dynamically about the health related data of a driver, to prevent accidents.

Even Experienced Drivers Have the Wrong Concept about How to Change Lanes

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 34-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Wallis ◽  
A Chatziastros ◽  
H H Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Systematic Deviation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right

Imagine changing lanes on a motorway, and in particular the series of angles through which the steering wheel passes in completing the manoeuvre. The vast majority of us describe turning the wheel once and then returning the wheel to the middle position. This is wrong, because we have failed to describe the appropriate symmetrical motion of the steering wheel in the opposite direction required to straighten the car. To investigate this misconcept and so as to determine the type of motor programs used during steering, we tested the ability of subjects to change lanes with and without visual feedback. Five licensed drivers drove in a simulated environment projected on a 180° screen using a force-feedback steering wheel. A straight four-lane motorway appeared alternately with normal (daylight) or zero visibility (dark tunnel). In both conditions subjects were asked to change lanes—either to the left or to the right. In the condition without visual feedback no other feedback about performance was given. Without visual feedback the results showed a predictable increase in variance in the final heading but also suggested a systematic deviation of heading towards the direction of the lane change ( p<0.001), due to the subjects' failure to complete the lane changing manoeuvre. Hence, we conclude that despite the highly practised nature of the task of lane changing, it is not stored as a complete motor program, but is instead achieved by the interplay of a simple steering program and visual feedback about current heading and location on the road.

Analisis Gradasi Penggunaan Material Agregat Base Class A Spesifikasi BinaMarga 2010 Rev 3 Proyek Pelebaran Jalan Sp. Ujung Aji – Batas Kota Kabanjahe

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Baya Sembiring. ST ◽  
Parada Afkiki Eko Saputra, ST,MT
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Class A ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Filter Analysis

Road is a land transportation infrastructure that covers all parts of the road, including complementary buildings and equipment intended for traffic. Road Structure Improvement is one project that aims to improve the quality of roads. As the object of work to be studied is the widening of the sp. Ujung Aji - Limits of the City of Kabanjahe. Road construction with a flexible layered pavement with cover or without overlays is usually often damaged such as: cracks, hollows, bumps on the road surface. In other conditions it is often seen that the grooves of the former water flow to the subgrade are visible. The situation is more extreme and often occurs, namely the road surface peels to reach the foundation layer, so that the aggregate looks scattered. This study uses the direct observation method in the widening project of Jalan Simpang Ujung Aji - Bts. Kabanjahe City. This research was carried out at the time of laying and compaction of the bottom road foundation layer such as Base B and Base A. Activities carried out included data collection, data processing, analysis and observations in the Laboratory. The results of the filter analysis of rough gradations are good, which is in the middle between the given gradation boundaries, does not coincide and does not come out of the given gradation limit. Based on aggregate filter analysis data, it can be concluded that the results of the gradation of aggregate class A percent are retained and passed the filter in accordance with the general specifications of Bina Marga 2010 revision 3 and according to class A aggregate planning. the specimen is completely waterless, so the weighing results in the right balance.

Paper 14: Brakes for Agricultural and Allied Tractors

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compromise Solution ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Differential Wear ◽  
System Selection ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mechanical Actuation

The need for greater stress on all aspects of the safety of vehicles on the road has imposed, and continues to impose, greater emphasis on the braking performance of agricultural and industrial tractors. In view of this emphasis, the braking requirements of these vehicles over a range of sizes have been examined in detail, together with the present known design parameters of the brakes themselves. Existing types of brakes are discussed. and comparisons are drawn with the annular piston-type brake that is emerging on the latest tractor designs, Actuation of the brakes is discussed and, again, comparisons are drawn between the mechanical actuation currently used and the various forms of hydraulic actuation necessary to simplify tractor layout and to obtain the compensation required by the high rates of differential wear which can occur due to the spin-turning operation. The fact that a high degree of versatility will be required in order that the vehicle operator will be able to couple a variety of trailers to his tractors will be an important factor in system selection. The need for correct apportionment of the braking efforts between the tractor and trailer is discussed in detail, to illustrate the complexity of the problem when balanced and unbalanced trailers are considered. Suggestions are made for braking ratios that give a compromise solution to the problem.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS OF A CUTTING MACHINE FRONTLY MOUNTED ON AN ARABLE-TILL TRACTOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Valeriy Adamchuk ◽  
Grigory Kaletnіk ◽  
Ivan Golovach
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Vibration Amplitude ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Rotary Cutting

Experimental studies and production experience show that the most productive and high-quality collection of sugar beet haulms without soil impurities, is possible only when a continuous, carbonless cut of its main mass at the root is carried out. However, the use of haulm toppers with rotary haulm cutters, which are carried out without a guide cut, frontally mounted on energy resources, as well as a significant increase in the working speeds of harvesting, cause intense vibrations of these haulm toppers in the longitudinal-vertical plane, which not only reduces the quality of trimming the heads of root crops, but causes, in general, significant losses of tops. Therefore, there is a need for an analytical determination of the influence of the kinematic and design parameters of a topper, frontally mounted on a wheeled tractor, on the magnitude of the amplitude of oscillations in the longitudinal-vertical plane of its haulm topper. Taking this need into account, in this work we have constructed a computational mathematical model of the movement of a topper front-mounted on a wheeled tractor, based on the use of the original equation of dynamics in the form of Lagrange of the second kind. According to the developed equivalent circuit and the implementation of the necessary mathematical transformations, a nonlinear differential equation was obtained, which describes the oscillations of the rotary cutting device of the topper in the longitudinal-vertical plane when its pneumatic gauge wheels move over the unevenness of the soil surface. According to the compiled program and the numerical solution on the PC of the specified differential equation, rational constructive and kinematic parameters of the topper frontally mounted on the tractor have been determined which reduce the indicated oscillations. So, with the forward speed of movement of the topping unit equal to = 3,0 m∙ s–1, the vibration amplitude of the topper rotor decreases 1,2 ... 1,5 times in comparison with the height of the field surface irregularities, equal to = ± 0.04 m. With the vibration amplitude of the lower ends of the knives of the rotary cutting apparatus up to 4 cm, the loss of haulms does not increase significantly. However, with an increase in the amplitude of these fluctuations to 7 cm and more, the loss of tops increases significantly, the maximum values of which exceed 12%.

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