The Effect of Passive Stretch on Vascular Control during Exercise

The diabetic ischaemic foot has become an increasingly frequent problem over the last decade. However, we report a new approach consisting of a basic classification, a simple staging system of the natural history and a treatment plan for each stage, within a multi-disciplinary framework. This approach of "taking control" consists of two parts: 1. long-term conservative care including debridement of ulcers (to obtain wound control), eradication of sepsis (micribiological control), and provision of therapeutic footwear (mechanical control), and 2. revascularisation by angioplasty and arterial bypass (vascular control). This approach has led to a 50% reduction in the rate of major amputations in patients attending with ischaemic ulceration and absent foot pulses from 1989 to 1999 (from 4.6% to 2.3% per year). Patients who underwent angioplasty increased from 6% to 13%. Arterial bypass similarly increased from 3% to 7% of cases. However, even with an increased rate of revascularisation, 80% of patients responded to conservative care alone. This,we conclude, is an essential part of the management of all patients with ischaemic feet.

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Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor as a Reserve Defense Mechanism of the Vascular Control under Ionizing Radiation Impact

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology ◽

10.1615/intjphyspathophys.v3.i2.60 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 161-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irina V. Ivanova ◽

Olga V. Kislova ◽

Anatoly I. Soloviev

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Vascular Control

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Hepatic resection in children: highlighted and revisited steps

Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette ◽

10.1186/s43054-019-0008-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hesham Mohammed Abdelkader ◽

Mohamed Abdel-Latif ◽

Mohamed Abdelsattar ◽

Ahmed Abdelhaseeb Youssef

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Liver Tumors ◽

University Hospital ◽

Remnant Liver ◽

Vascular Control ◽

Biliary Leak ◽

Intraoperative Bleeding ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Different Types ◽

Minimize Blood Loss

Abstract Background Hepatectomy in children deserves exhaustive preoperative and intraoperative tools to define the anatomy, minimize blood loss, and confirm adequacy of liver tissue left. The aim of this study is to report our experience in surgical management of liver tumors. Results All liver resections performed in Ain-Shams University Hospital, by the same team, between July 2013 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Data related to basic demographics, indication for resection, methods of parenchymal resection, blood loss, hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality was collected. The study included 27 patients who underwent different types of hepatectomies. There was a male predominance. Age ranged from 6 months to 13 years. Weight ranged from 5.7 to 33.7 kg. Total operative time ranged from 68 to 322 min, while resection time ranged from 34 to 144 min. Blood loss ranged from 53 to 259 ml. Surgical morbidities included five patients with minor biliary leak, three patients had surgical site infection, and one patient had torsion of the remnant liver necessitating repositioning. Recurrence of the mass was faced in three patients with hepatoblastoma. There were two mortalities; one occurred as a sequela of massive intraoperative bleeding and the other took place due to postoperative hepatic insufficiency. Conclusion For a safe hepatectomy, thorough familiarity of the hepatic segmental anatomy together with the various techniques for parenchymal resection and vascular control is fundamental. Complications such as biliary leak and torsion of remnant can be easily avoided by simple measures.

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Authors' reply re: Vascular control by infrarenal aortic cross‐clamping in placenta accreta spectrum disorders: description of technique

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.1111/1471-0528.16654 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min‐Min Chou ◽

Hsiu‐Wei Su ◽

Ming‐Jer Chen ◽

Hsiao‐Fan Kung ◽

Jenn‐Jhy Tseng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Placenta Accreta ◽

Vascular Control ◽

Placenta Accreta Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Aging does not alter the mechanosensitivity of the p38, p70S6k, and JNK2 signaling pathways in skeletal muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00870.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 1562-1566 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Troy A. Hornberger ◽

R. D. Mateja ◽

E. R. Chin ◽

J. L. Andrews ◽

K. A. Esser

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

S6 Kinase ◽

Diminished Capacity ◽

Ribosomal S6 Kinase ◽

Passive Stretch ◽

Old Mice ◽

Dependent Mechanism

The capacity for skeletal muscle to recover its mass following periods of unloading (regrowth) has been reported to decline with age. Although the mechanisms responsible for the impaired regrowth are not known, it has been suggested that aged muscles have a diminished capacity to sense and subsequently respond to a given amount of mechanical stimuli (mechanosensitivity). To test this hypothesis, extensor digitorum longus muscles from young (2–3 mo) and old (26–27 mo) mice were subjected to intermittent 15% passive stretch (ex vivo) as a source of mechanical stimulation and analyzed for alterations in the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase (p38), ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k), and the p54 jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2). The results indicated that the average magnitude of specific tension (mechanical stimuli) induced by 15% stretch was similar in muscles from young and old mice. Young and old muscles also revealed similar increases in the magnitude of mechanically induced p38, p70S6k (threonine/serine 421/424 and threonine 389), and JNK2 phosphorylation. In addition, coincubation experiments demonstrated that the release of locally acting growth factors was not sufficient for the induction of JNK2 phosphorylation, suggesting that JNK2 was activated by a mechanical rather than a mechanical/growth factor-dependent mechanism. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that aging does not alter the mechanosensitivity of the p38, p70S6k, and JNK2 signaling pathways in skeletal muscle.

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Independent and combined impact of hypoxia and acute inorganic nitrate ingestion on thermoregulatory responses to the cold

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-021-04602-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 1207-1218

Author(s):

Josh T. Arnold ◽

Stephen J. Bailey ◽

Simon G. Hodder ◽

Naoto Fujii ◽

Alex B. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Onset Time ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Vascular Control ◽

Delta Change ◽

Core Cooling ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study assessed the impact of normobaric hypoxia and acute nitrate ingestion on shivering thermogenesis, cutaneous vascular control, and thermometrics in response to cold stress. Method Eleven male volunteers underwent passive cooling at 10 °C air temperature across four conditions: (1) normoxia with placebo ingestion, (2) hypoxia (0.130 FiO2) with placebo ingestion, (3) normoxia with 13 mmol nitrate ingestion, and (4) hypoxia with nitrate ingestion. Physiological metrics were assessed as a rate of change over 45 min to determine heat loss, and at the point of shivering onset to determine the thermogenic thermoeffector threshold. Result Independently, hypoxia expedited shivering onset time (p = 0.05) due to a faster cooling rate as opposed to a change in central thermoeffector thresholds. Specifically, compared to normoxia, hypoxia increased skin blood flow (p = 0.02), leading to an increased core-cooling rate (p = 0.04) and delta change in rectal temperature (p = 0.03) over 45 min, yet the same rectal temperature at shivering onset (p = 0.9). Independently, nitrate ingestion delayed shivering onset time (p = 0.01), mediated by a change in central thermoeffector thresholds, independent of changes in peripheral heat exchange. Specifically, compared to placebo ingestion, no difference was observed in skin blood flow (p = 0.5), core-cooling rate (p = 0.5), or delta change in rectal temperature (p = 0.7) over 45 min, while nitrate reduced rectal temperature at shivering onset (p = 0.04). No interaction was observed between hypoxia and nitrate ingestion. Conclusion These data improve our understanding of how hypoxia and nitric oxide modulate cold thermoregulation.

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Remodeling of Arterial Tone Regulation in Postnatal Development: Focus on Smooth Muscle Cell Potassium Channels

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5413

Author(s):

Anastasia A. Shvetsova ◽

Dina K. Gaynullina ◽

Olga S. Tarasova ◽

Rudolf Schubert

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Potassium Channels ◽

Potassium Channel ◽

Postnatal Development ◽

Sympathetic Innervation ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Muscle Membrane ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Vascular Control ◽

Bkca Channels

Maturation of the cardiovascular system is associated with crucial structural and functional remodeling. Thickening of the arterial wall, maturation of the sympathetic innervation, and switching of the mechanisms of arterial contraction from calcium-independent to calcium-dependent occur during postnatal development. All these processes promote an almost doubling of blood pressure from the moment of birth to reaching adulthood. This review focuses on the developmental alterations of potassium channels functioning as key smooth muscle membrane potential determinants and, consequently, vascular tone regulators. We present evidence that the pattern of potassium channel contribution to vascular control changes from Kir2, Kv1, Kv7 and TASK-1 channels to BKCa channels with maturation. The differences in the contribution of potassium channels to vasomotor tone at different stages of postnatal life should be considered in treatment strategies of cardiovascular diseases associated with potassium channel malfunction.

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