Body Mapping of Sweating Patterns in Athletes

Abstract Purpose To determine sweating responses of pre-pubertal children during intermittent exercise in a warm environment and create whole-body maps of regional sweat rate (RSRs) distribution across the body. Methods Thirteen pre-pubertal children; six girls and seven boys (8.1 ± 0.8 years) took part. Sweat was collected using the technical absorbent method in the last 5 min of a 30-min intermittent exercise protocol performed at 30 ℃, 40% relative humidity and 2 m·s−1 frontal wind. Results Mean gross sweat loss (GSL) was 126 ± 47 g·m−2·h−1 and metabolic heat production was 278 ± 50 W·m2. The lower anterior torso area had the lowest RSR with a median (IQR) sweat rate (SR) of 40 (32) g·m−2·h−1. The highest was the forehead with a median SR of 255 (163) g·m−2·h−1. Normalised sweat maps (the ratio of each region’s SR to the mean SR for all measured pad regions) showed girls displayed lower ratio values at the anterior and posterior torso, and higher ratios at the hands, feet and forehead compared to boys. Absolute SRs were similar at hands and feet, but girls sweated less in most other areas, even after correction for metabolic rate. Conclusion Pre-pubertal children have different RSRs across the body, also showing sex differences in sweat distribution. Distributions differ from adults. Hands and feet RSR remain stable, but SR across other body areas increase with maturation. These data can increase specificity of models of human thermoregulation, improve the measurement accuracy of child-sized thermal manikins, and aid companies during product design and communication.

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Unsupervised Sub-Pixel Water Body Mapping with Sentinel-3 OLCI Image

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11030327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xia Wang ◽

Feng Ling ◽

Huaiying Yao ◽

Yaolin Liu ◽

Shuna Xu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Real Time ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Water Body ◽

Land Surface ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Body Mapping ◽

Water Index ◽

Land Surface Water ◽

Body Map

Mapping land surface water bodies from satellite images is superior to conventional in situ measurements. With the mission of long-term and high-frequency water quality monitoring, the launch of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B provides the best possible approach for near real-time land surface water body mapping. Sentinel-3 OLCI contains 21 bands ranging from visible to near-infrared, but the spatial resolution is limited to 300 m, which may include lots of mixed pixels around the boundaries. Sub-pixel mapping (SPM) provides a good solution for the mixed pixel problem in water body mapping. In this paper, an unsupervised sub-pixel water body mapping (USWBM) method was proposed particularly for the Sentinel-3 OLCI image, and it aims to produce a finer spatial resolution (e.g., 30 m) water body map from the multispectral image. Instead of using the fraction maps of water/non-water or multispectral images combined with endmembers of water/non-water classes as input, USWBM directly uses the spectral water index images of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) extracted from the Sentinel-3 OLCI image as input and produces a water body map at the target finer spatial resolution. Without the collection of endmembers, USWBM accomplished the unsupervised process by developing a multi-scale spatial dependence based on an unsupervised sub-pixel Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. In both validations in the Tibet Plate lake and Poyang lake, USWBM produced more accurate water body maps than the other pixel and sub-pixel based water body mapping methods. The proposed USWBM, therefore, has great potential to support near real-time sub-pixel water body mapping with the Sentinel-3 OLCI image.

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Silent Voices, Absent Bodies, and Quiet Methods: Revisiting the Processes and Outcomes of Personal Knowledge Production Through Body-Mapping Methodologies Among Indigenous Youth

International Journal of Qualitative Methods ◽

10.1177/1609406920987934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 160940692098793

Author(s):

Darrien Morton ◽

Kelley Bird-Naytowhow ◽

Andrew R. Hatala

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Production ◽

Personal Knowledge ◽

Indigenous Research ◽

Research Methodologies ◽

Body Mapping ◽

Indigenous Youth ◽

Visual Narratives ◽

Visual Research ◽

Theater Program ◽

Indigenous Research Methodologies

At the interface of Western and Indigenous research methodologies, this paper revisits the place of the “personal” and “autobiographical” self in qualitative visual research. We outline a community and partnership-based evaluation of a theater program for Indigenous youth using arts-based body-mapping approaches in Saskatoon, Canada, and explore the methodological limitations of the narrator or artist’s voice and representations to translate personal visual-narratives and personal knowledges they hold. In so doing, we describe how body-mapping methods were adapted and improvised to respond to the silent voices and absent bodies within personal visual-narratives with an epistemological eclecticism handling the limitations of voice and meaningfully engaging the potentiality of quietness. Extending the conceptual and methodological boundaries of the “personal” and “autobiographical” for both narrator and interlocutor, artist and observer, we contribute to debates on the processes and outcomes of personal knowledge production by articulating a generative, ethical, and culturally-grounded project mobilizing body-mapping as a quiet method that pursues self-work—the passionate and emergent practices of working on one’s self and making self appear in non-representational and ceremonial ways.

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Stance- and Locomotion-Dependent Processing of Vibration-Induced Proprioceptive Inflow From Multiple Muscles in Humans

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00764.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 772-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Grégoire Courtine ◽

Alessandro Marco De Nunzio ◽

Micaela Schmid ◽

Maria Vittoria Beretta ◽

Marco Schieppati

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Neck Muscle ◽

Muscle Vibration ◽

Mapping Study ◽

Body Mapping ◽

Neck Muscle Vibration ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Postural Orientation

We performed a whole-body mapping study of the effect of unilateral muscle vibration, eliciting spindle Ia firing, on the control of standing and walking in humans. During quiet stance, vibration applied to various muscles of the trunk-neck system and of the lower limb elicited a significant tilt in whole body postural orientation. The direction of vibration-induced postural tilt was consistent with a response compensatory for the illusory lengthening of the stimulated muscles. During walking, trunk-neck muscle vibration induced ample deviations of the locomotor trajectory toward the side opposite to the stimulation site. In contrast, no significant modifications of the locomotor trajectory could be detected when vibrating various muscles of the lower as well as upper limb. The absence of correlation between the effects of muscle vibration during walking and standing dismisses the possibility that vibration-induced postural changes can account for the observed deviations of the locomotor trajectory during walking. We conclude that the dissimilar effects of trunk-neck and lower limb muscle vibration during walking and standing reflect a general sensory-motor plan, whereby muscle Ia input is processed according to both the performed task and the body segment from which the sensory inflow arises.

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Empowering women wearing plus-size clothing through co-design

Clothing Cultures ◽

10.1386/cc_00032_1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 101-114

Author(s):

Sandra Tullio-Pow ◽

Kirsten Schaefer ◽

Ben Barry ◽

Chad Story ◽

Samantha Abel

Keyword(s):

Design Methods ◽

Apparel Design ◽

Size Category ◽

Body Mapping ◽

Body Scanning ◽

Canadian City ◽

Design Activities ◽

Clothing Fit ◽

Full Day ◽

Clothing Choices

The retail landscape includes a vast array of clothing choices, yet style options remain extremely limited for Canadian women in the plus-size category (sizes 14W‐40W). Our study empowered women who wear size 20+ by bringing them into the conversation about plus-size apparel design and development. Few studies have identified clothing solutions utilized by plus-size women or how clothing impacts their feelings about themselves, and there is no research on the clothing needs of women in the upper plus-size range. We recruited participants through Facebook posts to plus-size communities and clothing swap groups located in a major Canadian city. Our research design had a human-centred focus and included co-design methods. Activities included body mapping, body scanning and co-design activities with sixteen women in a full-day workshop to unpack their ideas about plus-size clothing in a body-positive space to foster confidence, strength and autonomy. Body maps allowed our participants to embrace creativity as a tool to communicate meaning in an empowering way. Body scanning provided a quick way to electronically capture body shape and size through circumferential measurements. Co-design activities included drawing and writing. Proposed clothing designs were drawn on body templates derived from participant’s personal body scans. Participants elaborated on their clothing ideas by completing a needs and features chart to share perceived problems and propose solutions. Emergent themes included participants’ ideas about meaning and empowerment, proposed clothing designs, detailed information regarding clothing fit and selection challenges, as well as their feelings about the co-design process. Consultation with people, using co-design methods is a way to reveal fashion gaps and an opportunity to improve customer satisfaction and increase sales and thus is important to designers and retailers specializing in the plus-size market.

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